40 Questions
Which arteries supply the conduction system of the heart?
A. Coronary arteries
What is the anatomical position of the conducting system of the heart?
B. Located in the atria
What is the importance of the anastomoses between the coronary arteries?
B. They provide oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
Which artery determines the coronary dominance in approximately 80% of people?
Right Coronary Artery
What percentage of the venous blood of the heart is drained by the coronary sinus?
60%
Which artery supplies both the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes?
Right Coronary Artery
Which part of the heart is the only conductive route through the fibrous skeleton?
Bundle of His
Which nerve fibers are responsible for decreasing the heart rate?
Parasympathetic fibers
Where does the Left Bundle branch descend along the membranous part of the IV septum?
Left side
Which nodes are not macroscopic in the heart?
SA and AV nodes
Which hormone is released by the pituitary gland in response to increased osmotic pressure and hypovolemia?
Vasopressin
What is the primary determinant of long-term regulation of blood pressure?
The renal output curve for salt and water
How are changes in blood volume and blood osmotic pressure sensed and altered?
By the hypothalamic osmoreceptors
What leads to an increase in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release?
Increased osmotic pressure
What is the effect of hypotension on arterial baroreceptor firing?
Increased arterial baroreceptor firing
Which hormone is responsible for increasing water permeability in renal collecting ducts and decreasing urine production?
ADH
Which hormone is released from the adrenal glands in response to angiotensin II and increases sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys?
Aldosterone
Which hormone is released from the muscle cells of the atria in response to stretch and helps oppose the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
Atrial-natriuretic hormone
Which enzyme is released from the kidneys in response to sympathetic nerve activation, renal artery hypotension, and decreased sodium in kidney distal tubules?
Renin
Which classification of shock is characterized by a loss of more than 40% of blood volume?
Class 4
Which of the following is a fundamental component of a reflex control system for blood pressure?
Target effectors that alter their activities
Where are the main baroreceptors located in the body?
Walls of the aorta
What happens to the firing rate of baroreceptors when arterial blood pressure increases?
Firing rate increases
What is the role of baroreceptors in the control of arterial pressure?
To maintain a relatively constant arterial blood pressure
Which nerve carries afferent fibers from the carotid artery baroreceptors?
Glossopharyngeal (IXth cranial) nerve
Which receptors sense central blood volume in the body?
Cardiopulmonary baroreceptors
Which reflex is a sympathetic-mediated reflex in response to increased blood in the atria?
Bainbridge reflex
Which part of the medullary cardiovascular control center (MCVC) is responsible for receiving input from baroreceptors?
Sensory area
Which effectors are controlled by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in the reflex control of blood pressure?
Heart rate and stroke volume
Which theory explains the intrinsic ability of organs to maintain blood flow safely if blood pressure increases?
Myogenic theory
Which equation represents the relationship between stroke volume, heart rate, and cardiac output?
$stroke volume \times heart rate = cardiac output$
What is the primary intrinsic mechanism that regulates stroke volume?
Frank-Starling mechanism
What is the term for the pressure in the systemic and pulmonary vessels that controls cardiac output?
Afterload
What is the equation for mean arterial blood pressure (MABP)?
$MABP = Diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure$
What is the term for the compliance of the blood vessels?
Vascular compliance
Which of the following factors does NOT determine the magnitude of pulse pressure?
Viscosity
Which factor does NOT contribute to resistance to flow in the blood vessels?
Arterial pressure
Which equation represents the relationship between arterial pressure, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance?
Arterial pressure = cardiac output x total peripheral resistance
How can mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) be calculated based on systolic and diastolic pressures?
MABP = Systolic pressure + Diastolic pressure
Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between vessel radius and blood flow?
Small changes in vessel radius have a proportional impact on blood flow
Test your knowledge on coronary circulation and the conduction system of the heart with this quiz. Learn about the origin, course, and distribution of the coronary arteries, the importance of anastomoses, and the venous drainage of the heart.
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