Corneal Edema Causes and Effects
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Questions and Answers

What are the infectious agents that can cause corneal ulcers in host species?

  • Feline coronavirus, canine herpesvirus, equine herpesvirus-1, Escherichia coli
  • Feline herpesvirus-1, canine herpesvirus, equine herpesvirus-2, Moraxella bovis (correct)
  • Feline panleukopenia virus, canine parvovirus, equine arteritis virus, Salmonella enterica
  • Feline calicivirus, canine distemper virus, equine influenza virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis

What is the classic appearance of a melting ulcer?

  • A hard surface with red streaks
  • A rough surface with yellow discoloration
  • A very soft surface where the affected tissue may appear to be sagging/melting (correct)
  • A smooth surface with white patches

Which condition involves proteolytic degradation of corneal stromal collagen?

  • Melting ulcers (correct)
  • Stromal ulcers
  • Descemetoceles
  • Superficial ulcers

What does a fluorescein stain bind to in the cornea?

<p>Exposed corneal stroma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what condition does only Descemet’s membrane and endothelium remain intact?

<p>Descemetoceles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial agents are typically responsible for eliciting enzymes that lead to melting ulcers?

<p>Pseudomonas spp. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of corneal edema in the absence of a corneal epithelial defect?

<p>Decreased pump function of the corneal endothelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is extensive loss or degeneration of corneal endothelium?

<p>Permanent corneal edema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do blood vessels typically respond to surface corneal disease?

<p>They branch substantially and are superficial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes corneal pigmentation to occur?

<p>Chronic corneal inflammation or irritation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of corneal vascularization?

<p>Chronic abrasion leading to chronic corneal inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does corneal edema occur as a result of endothelial dysfunction?

<p>Lack of regeneration capacity in adult corneal endothelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common term for Chronic Superficial Keratitis (CSK)?

<p>Pannus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which breed is NOT commonly affected by Chronic Superficial Keratitis?

<p>Labrador Retriever (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of condition is Chronic Superficial Keratitis thought to be?

<p>Immune-mediated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are the manifestations of Chronic Superficial Keratitis more severe at high altitude?

<p>Due to increased UV exposure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible treatment option to reduce pigmentation in Chronic Superficial Keratitis?

<p>Topical cyclosporine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of third eyelid thickening in Chronic Superficial Keratitis?

<p>Depigmentation (plasmoma) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial virulence factors are mentioned as contributing to the severity of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis?

<p>Pili and cytotoxin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial clinical sign of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis that involves abnormal eyelid twitching?

<p>Blepharospasm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a role in contributing to disease outbreaks of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis related to the host?

<p>Stress and age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental factor is mentioned as playing a role in the occurrence of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis?

<p>Dusty environments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is specifically labeled for use in the U.S. against Moraxella bovis in cattle?

<p>Oxytetracycline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides direct contact, what is highlighted as a major mode of transmission for Moraxella bovis in Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis?

<p>Transmission by face fly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is more appropriate when lipid accumulation is associated with systemic lipid metabolism disorders or corneal disease?

<p>Lipid degeneration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of patients is corneal mineralization usually seen as a degenerative condition?

<p>Older patients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the cornea is most affected by mineralization?

<p>Superficial layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is topical EDTA often recommended for corneal mineralization?

<p>It can chelate calcium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treatment is typically not recommended for lipid keratopathy cases that are usually not sight threatening?

<p>Topical corticosteroids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may be more effective when applied topically as an intensive treatment in conjunction with surgical removal of epithelium for corneal mineralization?

<p>Topical EDTA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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