Copyright Law and Useful Articles Quiz

<p>Copyright protection does not apply to works authored by the government (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Be perceived, reproduced, or communicated for more than a transitory duration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artistic features can be physically removed without affecting functionality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides evidence of the work and helps separate protected works from unprotected ideas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The images in Defender were not stable because they changed during gameplay. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An object with intrinsic utilitarian functions beyond mere appearance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must be recorded in a tangible medium of expression. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artistic features must be distinct from functional elements to be copyrightable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Design features that are distinct ideas from the item’s practical use (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are recorded and can be communicated in a stable format. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The work's stability in a tangible medium. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to remove the carving without altering the chair's use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When it is distinct from the utility of the item (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To perform the copyrighted work publicly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To recite, render, play, dance, or act it (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The size and composition of the audience matter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right to distribute the work (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maxwell’s operations constituted a public performance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To show a copy directly or via technology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Customers paid fees akin to admission for viewing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At any location secluded from public access (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each co-author can license the work without the other's consent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Share any profits with the other co-authors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All co-authors must agree to changes before alterations can be made. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All co-authors must entertain the concept of joint authorship. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evidence of intentional collaboration and individual copyrightable contributions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collaboration alone is sufficient for joint authorship, regardless of contribution size. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erickson was considered the sole author due to lack of evidence of intent for joint authorship. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Injunctive relief to prevent the licensing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When there is joint authorship or works made for hire. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only humans can be recognized as authors and copyright owners. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were not created in a fixed form. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exercising a high degree of control over the creation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individual performances are considered part of a larger work. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>95 years or 120 years, whichever is shorter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each author must contribute creatively to the work. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They pass to their heirs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The employer or commissioning party owns the copyright. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The execution of creative aspects of a work. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New permission to distribute their work (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For music published between 1957 and 1972 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It upheld the extension of copyright terms to life of the author + 70 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They run to the end of the calendar year (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Copyright terms must remain limited (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Copyright protection does not apply to works created by the government.

A literary work is separate from its medium (e.g., a novel is distinct from the printed book). Similarly, a musical work is different from the sheet music or recording.

Copyright protection doesn't apply to the functional or utilitarian parts of pictorial, graphic, or sculptural works (PGS Works).

If a useful article has an artistic feature that can exist separately from its functionality, that feature might be copyrightable.

A "useful article" is something with a primary function beyond portraying appearance or conveying information (e.g., cars, lamps, dresses).

For copyright protection, a design feature of a useful article must be both physically and conceptually separable from the functional aspects.

Copyright protection for useful articles applies only when a design element is clearly distinct from the item's utility.

The functional elements of a useful article are not protectable by copyright. Only the separable artistic components are eligible.

When two or more authors work together to create a single, unified work with the intent to combine their contributions.

In joint authorship, each co-author owns an equal share of the copyright in the work.

Each co-author can license the work without the other's consent, but must share any profits with the other co-author.

Co-authors who license the work must share any profits with the other co-authors.

One co-author cannot change the work without the consent of the other co-authors.

A co-author can ask a court to stop another co-author from licensing the work if it violates their rights or interests.

To be considered a joint author, you must show intentional collaboration and an independently copyrightable contribution.

This test was rejected in courts because it suggests any collaboration, even minimal, is sufficient for joint authorship.

Copyright belongs to the creator(s) of a work. If multiple creators collaborate on a work, each is a co-owner.

When a work is created as part of someone's job or under a contract, the employer or commissioning party owns the copyright, not the creator. This applies unless there's a written agreement stating otherwise.

The Copyright Act doesn't recognize non-humans as authors or copyright owners. This means works created by animals or nature cannot be copyrighted.

Each creator of a joint work is a co-owner of the copyright. They share equal rights and responsibilities.

Ownership of copyright refers to who holds the legal rights, while authorship describes who created the work. These concepts can be separate.

To be considered an author for copyright purposes, an individual must have a significant level of control over the creation of the work.

Individual performances within a larger film don't automatically qualify as separate copyrightable works. They are part of the overall audiovisual work.

To be copyrightable, a performance needs to be fixed in a tangible medium. This means recorded or embodied in some lasting form.

Anonymous works are protected for the shorter of 95 years from publication or 120 years from creation.

Copyright protection for unpublished works created before 1978 and published before 2003 ends on the later of the relevant rule or December 31, 2047.

Copyright protection for unpublished works created before 1978 and not published before 2003 ends on the later of the relevant rule or December 31, 2002.

Copyright protection for pre-1972 sound recordings lasts for 95 years from first publication, with varying durations depending on the publication date.

Copyright terms expire at the end of the calendar year, even if a term is set to expire on a specific date.

This Supreme Court case established that Congress can extend the terms of existing copyrights, even though the Copyright Clause requires limited durations.

The original author or their heirs own the renewal rights, even if the copyright was assigned to someone else.

Authors of derivative works must obtain new permission to distribute their work during the renewal term if the original copyright holder dies before renewal.

The exclusive right of copyright owners to publicly perform their copyrighted works, including literary, musical, dramatic, and audiovisual works.

The exclusive right of copyright owners to publicly display their copyrighted works, including literary, musical, dramatic, pictorial, and sculptural works.

'Publicly' means performing or displaying a work in a place open to the public or where a significant number of people outside of a family and their friends are gathered. It also includes transmitting a performance or display to such a place.

A place where the audience size and composition determine if it qualifies as 'public' for copyright purposes. It's not a place open to the public, but there's still a large enough gathering.

The first sale doctrine allows the buyer of a copyrighted work to resell or dispose of the work, but it doesn't grant the right to breach other exclusive rights, such as public performance.

The court ruled that Maxwell's video booths were a public performance because they were open to the public, customers paid fees, and the tapes were not sold or disposed of.

Maintaining control over a copyrighted work, even if it's in a seemingly private setting, can still constitute a public performance when the service is open to the public.

A work is "fixed" when it's stable enough in a tangible form (like a book or recording) that it can be seen, copied, or shared for more than a brief time.

Fixation is crucial for copyright protection because it establishes the existence of a concrete work that can be easily shared, preserved, and protected legally.

This case shows that even changing images in a video game can be considered fixed if they are stable and repetitive, making the game viewable and reproducible.

Literary works, musical works, dramatic works, pantomimes and choreographic works, pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works, motion pictures and other audiovisual works, sound recordings, and architectural works.

These categories include: 1) literary works, 2) musical works, 3) dramatic works, 4) pantomimes and choreographic works, 5) pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works, 6) motion pictures, 7) sound recordings, and 8) architectural works.

Copyright protection requires that a work be fixed in a tangible medium, meaning it must exist in a form that can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated (like a book, recording, or digital file).

To be protected under copyright, a work must be fixed in a tangible medium of expression, meaning it must exist in a stable form that can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine.

Copyright protects original works of authorship fixed in a tangible medium of expression, such as literary, musical, dramatic, pantomimes and choreographic works, pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works, motion pictures, sound recordings, and architectural works.