COPD Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system?

  • Vocalization (phonation)
  • Regulation of body temperature (correct)
  • Gas exchange between atmosphere and blood
  • Protection from inhaled pathogens and irritants

    • Where does gas exchange between alveoli, blood, and tissues occur?

  • Alveoli (correct)
  • Pharynx
  • Nasal cavity
  • Bronchi

    • Which arteries supply the conducting airways from trachea to terminal bronchioles?

  • Renal arteries
  • Bronchial arteries (correct)
  • Pulmonary arteries
  • Coronary arteries

    • Which of the following is part of the upper airways?

    <p>Larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the mucociliary apparatus in the respiratory system?

    <p>Protection from pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of transmission for tuberculosis (TB)?

    <p>Exposure to airborne droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not listed as a risk factor for the spread of TB?

    <p>Regular access to screening and care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the body do inspired bacilli lodge in individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI)?

    <p>Upper lobes of the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the body's response to isolating bacilli in individuals with TB infection?

    <p>Formation of granulomatous lesion (tubercle)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long may latent TB infection (LTBI) last in the host?

    <p>The lifetime of the host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of early inflammation in asthma?

    <p>Mast cell release of histamine and leukotrienes leading to bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of airway obstruction in asthma?

    <p>Difficulty in exhaling and potential respiratory acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the late phase of inflammation in asthma?

    <p>Recruitment of various immune cells leading to a second bout of obstructed airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a clinical manifestation of asthma?

    <p>Symptoms worsening with exercise, cold air, viral infection, allergens, irritants, and stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of COPD?

    <p>Persistent airflow limitation and chronic inflammation in the airways due to noxious particles or gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about ventilation-perfusion matching?

    <p>It ensures that blood is preferentially sent to well-ventilated portions of the lung.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of pulmonary arterioles in ventilation-perfusion mismatch?

    <p>Correcting ventilation-perfusion mismatch through hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease or injury?

    <p>Dyspnea, cough, abnormal sputum, abnormal breathing patterns, hyperventilation, hypoventilation, and cyanosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes obstructive lung diseases?

    <p>Difficulties in expiration and higher air remaining in the lungs, often caused by damaged lungs or narrowed airways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is asthma characterized by?

    <p>Inflammatory disorder with bronchial hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and airway remodeling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk factor for lung cancer?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lung cancer is most common in non-smokers?

    <p>Adenocarcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Chronic Bronchitis in COPD?

    <p>Mucus hypersecretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome?

    <p>Features of both asthma and COPD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the highest incidence of active TB found?

    <p>Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main risk factor for COPD in high-income countries?

    <p>Tobacco smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by chronic inflammatory condition and destruction of alveolar walls without fibrosis?

    <p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence trend of COPD with increasing age in Canada?

    <p>Increases steadily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of COPD cases are caused by an inherited mutation in the α1-antitrypsin gene?

    <p>1-3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the GOLD definition of chronic obstruction in COPD based on FEV1/FVC ratio?

    <p>$FEV1/FVC$ ratio of 0.7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system?

    <p>Assisting in digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes obstructive lung diseases?

    <p>Decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the highest incidence of active TB found?

    <p>Sub-Saharan Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    COPD: Key Facts and Pathophysiology

    • COPD encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema
    • Main risk factors include tobacco smoking, occupational dust, chemicals, and indoor/outdoor air pollution
    • Globally, responsible for approximately 3 million deaths annually, with tobacco smoke accounting for 70% of cases in high-income countries
    • In Canada, prevalence increases steadily with age, higher in males over 60, and highest in NU, YT, NS, and NT
    • 1-3% of COPD cases are caused by an inherited mutation in the α1-antitrypsin gene
    • Emphysema is characterized by chronic inflammatory condition and destruction of alveolar walls without fibrosis
    • Chronic bronchitis involves hypersecretion of mucus, chronic cough, and inflammation leading to airway remodeling
    • Both conditions result in expiratory flow limitation and air trapping, increasing the work of breathing and causing dyspnea
    • Air trapping and alveolar destruction can lead to ventilation/perfusion mismatches, hypoxia, and hypercapnia
    • Malnutrition affects 1/3 of COPD patients
    • Acute exacerbations of COPD can be caused by infections or unknown factors, leading to hospitalizations
    • Diagnosis involves patient history, blood gas analysis, and functional lung testing with a GOLD definition of chronic obstruction as FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.

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    Related Documents

    Respiratory Disorders Module 4 Slides PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of COPD with this quiz on key facts and pathophysiology. Explore risk factors, prevalence, genetic causes, and the clinical manifestations of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

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