COPD Quiz
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COPD Quiz

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@ThoughtfulVigor

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system?

  • Vocalization (phonation)
  • Regulation of body temperature (correct)
  • Gas exchange between atmosphere and blood
  • Protection from inhaled pathogens and irritants
  • Where does gas exchange between alveoli, blood, and tissues occur?

  • Alveoli (correct)
  • Pharynx
  • Nasal cavity
  • Bronchi
  • Which arteries supply the conducting airways from trachea to terminal bronchioles?

  • Renal arteries
  • Bronchial arteries (correct)
  • Pulmonary arteries
  • Coronary arteries
  • Which of the following is part of the upper airways?

    <p>Larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the mucociliary apparatus in the respiratory system?

    <p>Protection from pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of transmission for tuberculosis (TB)?

    <p>Exposure to airborne droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not listed as a risk factor for the spread of TB?

    <p>Regular access to screening and care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the body do inspired bacilli lodge in individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI)?

    <p>Upper lobes of the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the body's response to isolating bacilli in individuals with TB infection?

    <p>Formation of granulomatous lesion (tubercle)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long may latent TB infection (LTBI) last in the host?

    <p>The lifetime of the host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of early inflammation in asthma?

    <p>Mast cell release of histamine and leukotrienes leading to bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of airway obstruction in asthma?

    <p>Difficulty in exhaling and potential respiratory acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the late phase of inflammation in asthma?

    <p>Recruitment of various immune cells leading to a second bout of obstructed airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a clinical manifestation of asthma?

    <p>Symptoms worsening with exercise, cold air, viral infection, allergens, irritants, and stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of COPD?

    <p>Persistent airflow limitation and chronic inflammation in the airways due to noxious particles or gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about ventilation-perfusion matching?

    <p>It ensures that blood is preferentially sent to well-ventilated portions of the lung.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of pulmonary arterioles in ventilation-perfusion mismatch?

    <p>Correcting ventilation-perfusion mismatch through hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease or injury?

    <p>Dyspnea, cough, abnormal sputum, abnormal breathing patterns, hyperventilation, hypoventilation, and cyanosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes obstructive lung diseases?

    <p>Difficulties in expiration and higher air remaining in the lungs, often caused by damaged lungs or narrowed airways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is asthma characterized by?

    <p>Inflammatory disorder with bronchial hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and airway remodeling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk factor for lung cancer?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lung cancer is most common in non-smokers?

    <p>Adenocarcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Chronic Bronchitis in COPD?

    <p>Mucus hypersecretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome?

    <p>Features of both asthma and COPD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the highest incidence of active TB found?

    <p>Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main risk factor for COPD in high-income countries?

    <p>Tobacco smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by chronic inflammatory condition and destruction of alveolar walls without fibrosis?

    <p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence trend of COPD with increasing age in Canada?

    <p>Increases steadily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of COPD cases are caused by an inherited mutation in the α1-antitrypsin gene?

    <p>1-3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the GOLD definition of chronic obstruction in COPD based on FEV1/FVC ratio?

    <p>$FEV1/FVC$ ratio of 0.7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system?

    <p>Assisting in digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes obstructive lung diseases?

    <p>Decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the highest incidence of active TB found?

    <p>Sub-Saharan Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    COPD: Key Facts and Pathophysiology

    • COPD encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema
    • Main risk factors include tobacco smoking, occupational dust, chemicals, and indoor/outdoor air pollution
    • Globally, responsible for approximately 3 million deaths annually, with tobacco smoke accounting for 70% of cases in high-income countries
    • In Canada, prevalence increases steadily with age, higher in males over 60, and highest in NU, YT, NS, and NT
    • 1-3% of COPD cases are caused by an inherited mutation in the α1-antitrypsin gene
    • Emphysema is characterized by chronic inflammatory condition and destruction of alveolar walls without fibrosis
    • Chronic bronchitis involves hypersecretion of mucus, chronic cough, and inflammation leading to airway remodeling
    • Both conditions result in expiratory flow limitation and air trapping, increasing the work of breathing and causing dyspnea
    • Air trapping and alveolar destruction can lead to ventilation/perfusion mismatches, hypoxia, and hypercapnia
    • Malnutrition affects 1/3 of COPD patients
    • Acute exacerbations of COPD can be caused by infections or unknown factors, leading to hospitalizations
    • Diagnosis involves patient history, blood gas analysis, and functional lung testing with a GOLD definition of chronic obstruction as FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of COPD with this quiz on key facts and pathophysiology. Explore risk factors, prevalence, genetic causes, and the clinical manifestations of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

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