17 Questions
What type of emphysema is characterized by enlarged airspaces adjacent to the lobular septa to the same degree as those in the center of the lobule?
Panacinar emphysema
Which type of emphysema is most striking adjacent to the pleura, along lobular septa, at the margins of lobules and acini, and along vessels and airways?
Distal acinar emphysema
Which type of emphysema is usually limited in extent and found most commonly along the anterior and posterior parts of the upper lobe and along the posterior surface of the lower lobe?
Paraseptal emphysema
Which type of emphysema is characterized by the original description of collections of subpleural bullae?
Distal acinar emphysema
Which type of emphysema is characterized by enlarged airspaces that are most severe in the upper half of the lung when the condition is extensive?
Paraseptal emphysema
Which type of emphysema is characterized by the lesions extending into the substance of the lung, where they lay along the septa?
Distal acinar emphysema
What is a common finding associated with panacinar emphysema?
Fibrosis of the tissue
Which type of emphysema is most known for its association with spontaneous pneumothoraces in young thin adults?
Paraseptal emphysema
What is a characteristic feature of centriacinar emphysema?
Small and limited extent emphysema
Which type of emphysema is almost invariably adjacent to a scar?
Irregular emphysema
What does the severity of irregular emphysema depend on?
Extent of damage to lung tissue
What term is used to describe emphysema characterized by the enlargement of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles?
Paraseptal emphysema
Which term is commonly observed in association with centriacinar emphysema?
Panlobular emphysema
What separates emphysema from mere enlargement of airspaces?
Destruction of airspace walls
The National Institutes of Health defines destruction in emphysema when there is nonuniformity in the pattern of respiratory airspace enlargement, leading to what outcome?
Disturbed acinus appearance
Which type of emphysema involves an increase in airspace size compared to normal lungs and can be found in the focal areas of lungs?
Paraseptal emphysema
What distinguishes panacinar emphysema from other types of emphysema?
Associated with panlobular involvement
Study Notes
Emphysema Types
- Panacinar emphysema: airspaces adjacent to the lobular septa are enlarged to the same degree as those in the center of the lobule.
Distal Acinar Emphysema (Paraseptal Emphysema)
- Characterized by collections of subpleural bullae.
- Lesions extend into the substance of the lung, where they lay along the septa.
- Emphysema is most striking adjacent to the pleura (superficial emphysema or mantel emphysema), along lobular septa, at the margins of lobules and acini, and along vessels and airways.
- Characterized by multiple contiguous, enlarged airspaces, varying from 2 cm in diameter.
- Usually limited in extent and found most commonly along the anterior and posterior parts of the upper lobe and along the posterior surface of the lower lobe.
- Frequently associated with centriacinar emphysema and spontaneous pneumothoraces in young thin adults.
Irregular Emphysema
- Characterized by irregular involvement of the acinus.
- Almost invariably adjacent to a scar, giving rise to the synonyms scar or paracicatricial emphysema.
- Severity depends on the extent of damage to lung tissue.
- Multiple scars through the lung may lead to multiple foci of irregular emphysema.
Morphology of Emphysema
- Emphysema is defined as airspace enlargement accompanied by destruction of their walls.
- Destruction is characterized by nonuniformity in the pattern of respiratory airspace enlargement, disturbing the orderly appearance of the acinus and its components.
- Emphysema is a subset of airspace enlargement, defined as an increase in airspace size as compared with the airspace of normal lungs.
Test your knowledge on the pathology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Identify the terms associated with different types of emphysema lesions and understand their characteristics.
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