COPD Common Diseases Quiz

The most common medication used in prehospital settings for treating respiratory distress. It helps deliver oxygen to the body's tissues.

A condition where the airways in the lungs become narrowed, making it difficult to breathe. This can be caused by inflammation or muscle spasms.

A group of medications used to widen the airways in the lungs, relieving the symptoms of bronchospasm.

A life-threatening condition where the lungs fill with fluid, making it very difficult to breathe.

A chronic lung disease characterized by airflow obstruction, making it difficult to exhale properly. It often causes shortness of breath and wheezing.

A type of long-term oxygen therapy that involves a catheter inserted into the trachea (windpipe) to deliver oxygen directly.

A device used for long-term oxygen therapy, typically worn over the nose. It delivers a constant flow of oxygen.

A medical procedure that involves inserting a small tube into the trachea (windpipe) to provide a clear airway.

Factors that can trigger an asthma attack, categorized as internal (intrinsic) or external (extrinsic).

Internal factors, like exercise or stress, that can trigger asthma attacks.

External factors, such as pollen, dust, or animal dander, that can trigger asthma attacks.

A type of medication that specifically targets the beta2 receptors in the airways, causing bronchodilation without affecting other parts of the body.

The most common inhaled medication used to treat reversible bronchospasm (constricted airways) associated with asthma.

A newer, 'purified' version of albuterol, believed to have fewer side effects.

Medications that predominantly target the beta2 receptors, causing bronchodilation with minimal systemic effects.

The narrowing of the airways, often caused by bronchospasm (muscle tightening) or edema (swelling) in the lining of the respiratory tract. This makes it difficult for air to flow in and out of the lungs, leading to shortness of breath.

A type of bronchodilator that specifically targets the beta2 receptors in the lungs, causing relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscle without significantly affecting the heart rate.

A type of bronchodilator that acts on alpha, beta1, and beta2 receptors. While it relaxes the airways, it can also increase heart rate and blood pressure.

The swelling of the lining of the airways, making them thicker and narrowing the passage for air.

A common condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to recurrent episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.

A group of lung diseases that cause airflow obstruction, making it difficult to breathe out. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the two most common types.

Inflammation of the airways in the lungs, leading to increased mucus production and narrowing of the airways. It is a common cause of COPD.

A condition where the tiny air sacs in the lungs become damaged, making it difficult to breathe out. It is a common cause of COPD.

A type of breathing where the body relies on low oxygen levels to stimulate breathing.

Administering too much oxygen can remove the hypoxic respiratory drive, leading to a decrease in spontaneous breathing in COPD patients. Therefore, oxygen should be carefully monitored.

Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) is a medication used in cases of severe asthma exacerbations or when patients have limited response to albuterol. It's an anticholinergic, not an adrenergic agent, meaning it works differently than albuterol.

Combining albuterol and ipratropium bromide (Combivent) leverages their different mechanisms of action and anatomical target areas to provide more comprehensive relief in respiratory conditions.

In severe bronchospasm cases, ipratropium bromide offers more relief than albuterol alone. This is because albuterol works centrally in the bronchial tree, while ipratropium is more effective in peripheral airways.

Albuterol is more effective in asthma due to its central action, while ipratropium's peripheral action benefits patients with COPD.

Corticosteroids like methylprednisolone and dexamethasone are used to treat inflammation in both asthma and COPD exacerbations, especially when prolonged transportation is expected.

Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) helps determine the severity of an exacerbation, patient response to therapy, and indication for treatment, such as starting steroids.

If the initial PEFR is less than 50% of predicted, corticosteroids should be administered after ipratropium bromide.

For patients with potential compliance issues, a single dose of dexamethasone may be preferred over a longer oral course of other corticosteroids.

Used when a patient's PEFR doesn't improve by at least 10% after bronchodilator therapy or when the PEFR is less than 70% after 1 hour of therapy.

Methylxanthines like aminophylline were once used for severe asthma exacerbations, but their role has diminished.

Magnesium sulfate can decrease bronchospasm in some patients who don't respond well to beta2 agonists.

Epinephrine has strong beta2 effects, but also undesirable alpha and beta1 effects, making it risky for asthma.

Epinephrine can cause rebound bronchospasm, making it a poor choice for long-term asthma management.

Epinephrine can cause tachycardia and hypertension, making it potentially dangerous for patients with heart conditions.

While epinephrine is effective for anaphylaxis, it is not recommended for routine use in asthma.

Glucocorticoids are a second-line treatment for asthma exacerbations that are not adequately controlled with bronchodilators.