Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the main risk factor for COPD?

  • Genetic predisposition
  • Chronic allergies
  • Tobacco smoking (correct)
  • Exposure to environmental pollutants
  • Which type of COPD is characterized by permanent enlargement of air spaces due to destruction of alveolar walls?

  • Centrilobular emphysema
  • Chronic bronchitis
  • Panlobular emphysema (correct)
  • Asthma
  • In chronic bronchitis, what is the main pathological feature that leads to the clinical diagnosis of productive cough for ≥ 3 months/year for > 2 consecutive years?

  • Reid index < 50%
  • SM hyperplasia
  • Alveolar wall destruction
  • Mucous gland hyperplasia (correct)
  • Which diagnostic test is commonly used in cases of emphysema to show hyperinflation and flattened diaphragm?

    <p>Chest X-ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of exacerbation in patients with Obstructive Respiratory Diseases?

    <p>Viral upper respiratory infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line management choice for Group D patients with significant symptoms and high exacerbation risk in COPD?

    <p>Long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) + Long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical feature is most commonly associated with intrinsic asthma?

    <p>Wheezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic test is typically used to confirm reversible airway obstruction in asthma?

    <p>Histamine or methacholine challenge test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication of asthma can lead to acute respiratory failure due to respiratory muscle fatigue?

    <p>Status asthmaticus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the step-wise management of asthma, which medication is recommended as part of maintenance and reliever therapy (MART)?

    <p>Low dose ICS + Leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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