Podcast
Questions and Answers
In COPD, parenchyma destruction leads to a reduction in the surface area available for gas exchange. How does this affect oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood?
In COPD, parenchyma destruction leads to a reduction in the surface area available for gas exchange. How does this affect oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood?
- Slight increase in both oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.
- Decreased oxygen levels and increased carbon dioxide levels. (correct)
- No change in oxygen or carbon dioxide levels.
- Increased oxygen levels and decreased carbon dioxide levels.
Small airway collapse contributes to static hyperinflation in COPD. What is the primary mechanism by which small airway collapse leads to this hyperinflation?
Small airway collapse contributes to static hyperinflation in COPD. What is the primary mechanism by which small airway collapse leads to this hyperinflation?
- Gas trapping due to airway obstruction. (correct)
- Increased elastic lung recoil.
- Decreased respiratory drive.
- Increased surface area for gas exchange.
During an acute exacerbation of COPD or asthma, airway obstruction is a key factor in respiratory failure. Which of the following is NOT a direct contributor to airway obstruction?
During an acute exacerbation of COPD or asthma, airway obstruction is a key factor in respiratory failure. Which of the following is NOT a direct contributor to airway obstruction?
- Increased secretions.
- Bronchospasm.
- Increased inflammation.
- Increased elastic lung recoil. (correct)
Increased resistance to airflow in COPD leads to several compensatory mechanisms and physiological changes. Which of the following is a typical consequence of increased resistance to airflow?
Increased resistance to airflow in COPD leads to several compensatory mechanisms and physiological changes. Which of the following is a typical consequence of increased resistance to airflow?
Dynamic hyperinflation (PEEPi) occurs in COPD patients due to gas trapping. What is the primary characteristic of dynamic hyperinflation?
Dynamic hyperinflation (PEEPi) occurs in COPD patients due to gas trapping. What is the primary characteristic of dynamic hyperinflation?
Which of the following factors directly contributes to the development of hypoxemia and hypercapnia in COPD?
Which of the following factors directly contributes to the development of hypoxemia and hypercapnia in COPD?
Static hyperinflation is a common finding in COPD. How does total lung capacity typically change in a patient with static hyperinflation?
Static hyperinflation is a common finding in COPD. How does total lung capacity typically change in a patient with static hyperinflation?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between increased respiratory drive and respiratory rate (RR) in the context of COPD?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between increased respiratory drive and respiratory rate (RR) in the context of COPD?
In COPD, reduced elastic lung recoil contributes to airflow limitation. What is the primary mechanism by which decreased elastic recoil leads to this airflow limitation?
In COPD, reduced elastic lung recoil contributes to airflow limitation. What is the primary mechanism by which decreased elastic recoil leads to this airflow limitation?
During an asthma attack, bronchospasm significantly contributes to airway obstruction. How does bronchospasm primarily reduce the 'bronchiole diameter'?
During an asthma attack, bronchospasm significantly contributes to airway obstruction. How does bronchospasm primarily reduce the 'bronchiole diameter'?
Flashcards
Emphysema (COPD)
Emphysema (COPD)
Lung disease involving destruction of alveoli, decreasing the surface area for gas exchange.
Static Hyperinflation
Static Hyperinflation
Increase in the total lung capacity and residual volume of the lungs.
Airway Obstruction
Airway Obstruction
Combination of inflammation, bronchospasm, and secretions that reduce the diameter
Dynamic Hyperinflation/PEEPi
Dynamic Hyperinflation/PEEPi
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Decreased Elastic Lung Recoil
Decreased Elastic Lung Recoil
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Small Airway Collapse
Small Airway Collapse
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Resistance to Airflow
Resistance to Airflow
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Hypoxemia/Hypercapnia
Hypoxemia/Hypercapnia
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Study Notes
- Emphysema (COPD) can cause parenchyma destruction, decreasing the surface area for gas exchange
- Emphysema (COPD) can also reduce elastic lung recoil, causing small airway collapse
- Small airway collapse can increase total lung capacity and residual volume which promotes static hyperinflation
- COPD acute exacerbation/asthma can be caused by an increase in inflammation, bronchospasm, and/or secretions
- Inflammation, bronchospasm, and secretions can lead to airway obstruction by decreasing bronchiole diameter
- Airway obstruction increases resistance to airflow
- Increased resistance to airflow causes airflow limitation
- Airflow limitation leads to gas trapping, resulting in dynamic hyperinflation (PEEPi)
- Airflow limitation also causes hypoxemia and hypercapnia, stimulating respiratory drive
- Increased respiratory drive results in increased respiratory rate (RR), decreased expiratory time, and increased tidal volume
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