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Questions and Answers
What are coordination compounds?
Coordination compounds are the backbone of modern inorganic and bio-inorganic chemistry and chemical industry.
Who proposed the theory of coordination compounds?
Alfred Werner
In a series of compounds of cobalt(III) chloride with ammonia, the secondary valence is ______.
6
A metal ion can have a primary valence and a secondary valence. The primary valency of CrCl3 is ______.
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Which of the following is a coordination compound of magnesium?
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Werner's theory only applies to inorganic chemistry.
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What is the term used for the groups bonded directly to the metal ion in coordination compounds?
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Study Notes
Coordination Compounds
- Coordination compounds are essential in modern inorganic and bio-inorganic chemistry as well as the chemical industry.
- Coordination compounds are formed when metal atoms bond to anions or neutral molecules by electron sharing.
- Examples of coordination compounds include chlorophyll (magnesium), hemoglobin (iron), and vitamin B12 (cobalt).
- They are used in various applications such as metallurgical processes, industrial catalysts, analytical reagents, electroplating, textile dyeing, and medicinal chemistry.
Werner's Theory of Coordination Compounds
- Alfred Werner (1866-1919), a Swiss chemist, proposed the first theory about the structure of coordination compounds.
- He studied their physical and chemical properties using simple experimental techniques and characterized a significant number of coordination compounds.
- Werner introduced the concepts of primary and secondary valences for a metal ion.
- Primary valence refers to the oxidation state of the metal ion, which is satisfied by the negatively charged ions.
- Secondary valence, also known as coordination number, refers to the number of ligands directly bonded to the central metal ion.
- Werner studied cobalt(III) chloride with ammonia, which showed varying amounts of chloride ions precipitating out as AgCl depending on the number of ammonia molecules in the complex.
- The observations from the cobalt(III) chloride-ammonia complex led to the understanding that:
- Six groups, including the chloride ions, ammonia molecules, or both, remain bonded to the cobalt ion in the reaction.
- The compounds should be formulated as a single entity within square brackets, indicating the coordination sphere.
- Werner proposed the term "secondary valence" to represent the number of groups directly bonded to the central metal ion, which are six in all the examples mentioned in the text.
- The solution conductivity of the cobalt(III) chloride-ammonia complexes varies based on the number of ions outside the coordination sphere, providing further evidence for the proposed structure.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of coordination compounds and learn about Alfred Werner's groundbreaking theory that laid the foundation for understanding their structure and properties. This quiz covers the formation, applications, and examples of coordination compounds, as well as key concepts introduced by Werner, including primary and secondary valences.
