Coordination Chemistry Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the coordination number of the central atom in the complex ion [PtCl6]?

  • 4
  • 8
  • 6 (correct)
  • 2

    • Which coordination number is associated with the complex ion [Ni(NH3)4]?

  • 2
  • 6
  • 8
  • 4 (correct)

    • In the complex K4[Fe(CN)6], what does the term 'coordination sphere' refer to?

    What characteristic of a compound makes it paramagnetic?

    <p>Presence of unpaired electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is diamagnetic?

    <p>[Ni(CO)4]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hybridization occurs in square planar complexes like [Ni(CN)4]2–?

    <p>dsp2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oxidation state of nickel in the complex [Ni(CN)4]2–?

    <p>+2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can magnetic susceptibility experiments reveal about coordination compounds?

    <p>Number of unpaired electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT true about hybrid orbitals?

    <p>They actually exist in nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In coordination compounds, what does the term 'low spin complex' imply?

    <p>Fewer unpaired electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many unpaired electrons would a diamagnetic compound have?

    <p>All paired electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the color of coordination compounds according to crystal field theory?

    <p>d-d transition of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the color of a coordination compound in the absence of ligands?

    <p>It becomes colorless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color is anhydrous CuSO4?

    <p>White</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When nickel(II) chloride is dissolved in water, which complex is formed?

    <p>[Ni(H2O)6]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color does [Ti(H2O)6]Cl3 exhibit?

    <p>Violet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of complexes can exhibit cis and trans isomerism?

    <p>[MX2L4]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of isomerism occurs when three donor atoms of the same ligands occupy adjacent positions in an octahedral complex?

    <p>Facial isomerism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geometrical isomer has ligands positioned around the meridian of the octahedral complex?

    <p>Mer isomer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of coordination entity can exhibit geometrical isomerism with didentate ligands present?

    <p>[MX2(L-L)2]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is geometrical isomerism not possible in tetrahedral complexes with two different unidentate ligands?

    <p>Tetrahedral geometry does not allow sufficient spatial arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligands would be considered a didentate ligand in the context of coordination complexes?

    <p>en (NH2CH2CH2NH2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of complex would you find meridional isomers?

    <p>[Ma3b3]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geometrical isomer can occur in octahedral complexes that contain two ligands oriented relative to each other?

    <p>Both cis and trans isomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the complex [Co(NH3)4(H2O)2]Cl3?

    <p>Tetraamminecobalt(III) chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following complexes contains nickel in a +2 oxidation state?

    <p>NiCl4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of isomers can exist for geometric isomers of coordination compounds?

    <p>Both geometric and optical isomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about ionization isomers is correct?

    <p>They yield different ions and react differently to various reagents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oxidation state of nickel in the complex Ni(CO)4?

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complex is a strong ligand leading to paired 3d electrons for nickel?

    <p>K2[Ni(CN)4]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following complexes has the formula [Cr(en)3]Cl3?

    <p>Chromium tris(ethylenediamine) chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of possible isomers for the given coordination complexes?

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the coordination number of a central atom in a coordination compound?

    <p>The number of sigma bonds formed with ligands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the complex ion [Co(NH3)6], what is the coordination geometry?

    <p>Octahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the coordination sphere of a complex like K4[Fe(CN)6]?

    <p>The ligands bonded to the central atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about coordination polyhedra is true?

    <p>Common coordination polyhedra include octahedral, square planar, and tetrahedral.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligand type is referred to as didentate in the context of coordination complexes?

    <p>Didentate ligands can form two bonds to the central atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the complex [PtCl4]2–, what type of coordination geometry does it exhibit?

    <p>Square planar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the term 'counter ions' in coordination compounds?

    <p>They are written outside the square brackets of the coordination sphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligand mentioned is classified as a didentate ligand?

    <p>C2O4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Coordination Numbers and Complex Ions

    • Coordination numbers determine the bonding between a central atom/ion and ligands: Pt in [PtCl6] has a coordination number of 6, while Ni in [Ni(NH3)4] has a coordination number of 4.
    • Both Fe in [Fe(C2O4)3] and Co in [Co(en)3] exhibit a coordination number of 6 due to the presence of didentate ligands (C2O4 and ethane-1,2-diamine).

    Coordination Sphere and Counter Ions

    • The coordination sphere encompasses the central atom/ion along with the attached ligands, represented in square brackets, e.g., [Fe(CN)6] in K4[Fe(CN)6], with K as the counter ion.

    Coordination Polyhedron

    • The arrangement of ligands defines the coordination polyhedron around the central atom, typically involving octahedral, square planar, or tetrahedral shapes.
    • Examples include octahedral [Co(NH3)6], tetrahedral [Ni(CO)4], and square planar [PtCl4].

    Geometric Isomerism

    • Geometric isomers can arise in octahedral complexes like [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+, allowing for cis and trans orientations.
    • Didentate ligands can lead to additional isomerism, illustrated in complexes like [CoCl2(en)2].
    • Octahedral complexes of type [Ma3b3] can present facial (fac) and meridional (mer) isomers based on ligand arrangement.

    Magnetic Properties

    • Magnetic susceptibility experiments assess the magnetic moment and number of unpaired electrons in coordination compounds.
    • Variations in complex color are attributed to d-d electron transitions as influenced by ligand presence, e.g., anhydrous CuSO4 is white, while CuSO4.5H2O is blue.

    Hybridization

    • Square planar complexes, such as [Ni(CN)4]2−, involve dsp2 hybridization, with nickel in the +2 oxidation state and experiencing no unpaired electrons, resulting in a diamagnetic complex.
    • Hybrid orbitals are mathematical constructs; they do not physically exist.

    Influence of Ligands on Color

    • The color of coordination compounds can be affected by the presence or absence of ligands, e.g., [Ti(H2O)6]Cl3 is colorful when hydrated, becoming colorless when dehydrated.

    Key Examples of Coordination Compounds

    • Example complexes include [Co(NH3)4(H2O)2]Cl3, K2[Ni(CN)4], and [Cr(en)3]Cl3, each illustrating different ligand arrangements and oxidation states.
    • Differences in ion release and reactivity are demonstrated through ionization isomers, which yield varying ion products in solution, reflecting their structural diversity.

    Ligand Strength and Electron Pairing

    • Strong ligands such as CN can cause unpaired d electrons to pair, influencing the oxidation state and hybridization of transition metals.
    • In weak ligand environments, such as with H2O, d electrons do not pair, maintaining higher oxidation states.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on coordination numbers, complex ions, and coordination spheres in coordination chemistry. This quiz covers geometric isomerism and the shapes of coordination complexes, including octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar structures. Challenge yourself with examples and concepts essential for understanding the bonding in complex compounds.

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