Control Systems in Motor Learning

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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of open-loop control in motor systems?

It requires continuous input from the sensory system.

It relies on previously programmed instructions. (correct)

It executes movements with real-time adjustments.

It adapts movements based on feedback.

What defines the closed loop control processing in motor systems?

It functions solely based on reflex responses.

It removes the need for executive decision-making.

Movement is executed without considering external changes.

It relies on comparison between actual and expected sensory feedback. (correct)

Which response is characterized by a short burst of activity triggered by unexpected stretching of muscles?

Feedback response

Pre-programmed response

M2 response

M1 response (correct)

What aspect of movement control is most compromised in open-loop systems when faced with unexpected changes?

Error detection and correction (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes M2 responses in motor control?

They generate a higher burst of activity than M1 responses. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intrafusal fibre is characterized as large and fast conducting?

Primary (1a) endings (A) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the dynamic phase of muscle stretch?

Muscle length is increasing or decreasing (D) Signup and view all the answers

What component of the Golgi Tendon Organs (GTO) primarily responds to force?

Bundles of collagen strands (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sensory endings within muscle spindles?

Provide action potentials during stretching (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle fibres can connect to the same Golgi Tendon Organ?

Both slow and fast twitch fibres (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where are Golgi Tendon Organs primarily located?

At both superficial and deep muscle-tendon junctions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism causes the receptor potential in sensory endings of muscle spindles?

Mechanical deformation when the intrafusal fibre is stretched (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following descriptions accurately characterizes the M1 response?

It is fast and inflexible, processing minimal feedback from higher brain centers. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the M2 response in the context of reflex actions?

It provides feedback about stretching and joint positions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor limits the effectiveness of the M3 response?

Its long delay in response makes it sensitive to numerous stimulus-response alternatives. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanoreceptors contribute specifically to the feedback provided about muscle length?

Muscle spindles (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Golgi tendon organs (GTOs) in muscle feedback?

They detect muscle tension or force. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the M1 feedback loop function within the closed loop model?

It provides fast corrections based on minimal feedback from higher brain centers. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In terms of latency, how does the M3 response compare to the M1 and M2 responses?

It has a longer latency than both M1 and M2. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the latency range of the M2 response?

It ranges from 80-120 ms. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Open-loop control

Open-loop control relies on pre-programmed movements without feedback.
Movements proceed once initiated without adjustments based on the outcome.
Effective when conditions remain unchanged.
Inefficient when unexpected changes occur.

Closed-loop control

Closed-loop control involves feedback for error detection and correction.
Sensory feedback is compared to the desired state.
Differences (errors) trigger adjustments by updating the movement.
Requires attention and time for processing feedback.
Reflexes contribute to closed-loop control.

Types of feedback in closed loop control

Muscle spindles contribute to feedback by sensing muscle length (stretch).
- Primary (Ia) endings sense rapid changes in muscle length.
- Secondary (II) endings sense steady-state length.
- Gamma efferent neurons adjust spindle sensitivity.
Golgi tendon organs (GTOs) provide feedback about muscle force (tension).
- GTOs are located at muscle-tendon junctions.
- They signal changes in muscle tension through Ib afferent fibers.

Reflex responses in closed loop model

M1 loop is the fastest reflex.
- Carries feedback about muscle length to the spinal cord (SC).
- Minimal involvement with higher brain centers.
M2 loop (functional stretch reflex) is longer than M1.
- Carries feedback about muscle length and joint/body position.
- Involves higher brain centers.
M3 loop is the slowest reflex.
- Involves the highest control centers (brain).
- Responsible for voluntary action and sustained adjustments.

Feedback Control: Closed Loop

The CNS uses sensory information to control movement by comparing desired and actual states.
Comparator: Detects differences (errors).
Executive: Issues commands based on error signals from the comparator.
Effector: Executes commands and performs the action.

Feedback sources

Peripheral sensing of joint angles and skin deformation.
Sensing of muscle length (spindles).
Sensing of muscle forces generated by GTOs.

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Description

This quiz explores the concepts of open-loop and closed-loop control systems in motor learning. It examines the differences between these systems, how feedback is utilized, and the role of sensory organs in adjusting movements. Test your knowledge on the types of feedback and their significance in movement accuracy.