Control and Influence of State Shapes

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Questions and Answers

What does the shape of a state control within said state?

The shape of a state controls the state's length of its boundaries with other states as well as the amount of communication and the amount of conflict within the state.

What can a shape also affect?

A shape (of a state) can also affect internal administration and social unity.

Name the 5 basic shapes of states.

The five basic shape states are: compact, prorupted, elongated, fragmented, and perforated.

What are compact states most known for?

<p>Compact states are most known for their efficiency.</p>
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Does the distance from the center of a compact state to any boundary change much?

<p>False (B)</p>
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What is the ideal compact state?

<p>The ideal compact state is a state that is shaped like a complete circle with the capital city located in the exact middle of this state.</p>
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What is one political advantage of a compact state?

<p>One political advantage of a compact state lies within the fact that a compact state can easily establish good communications within said state.</p>
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What is one economic advantage of a compact state?

<p>One economic advantage of a compact state is that the trade of raw materials could be easily established through the use of roads, railroads, airports, etc.</p>
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What is one social advantage of a compact state?

<p>One social advantage of a compact state is the fact that most people that reside within the compact state share a similar language and/or religion.</p>
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Are there a lot of disadvantages of compact states?

<p>False (B)</p>
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Can civil wars and ethnic rivalries still happen in compact states even though they have so many advantages?

<p>True (A)</p>
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Name 3 examples of compact states.

<p>3 examples of compact states are Burundi, Kenya, and Rwanda.</p>
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What is a prorupted state?

<p>A prorupted state is a compact state with a proruption in it.</p>
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Name 2 reasons as to why prorupted states are created.

<p>Prorupted states are created to give states access to a resource and to separate states that otherwise would have shared a boundary.</p>
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What are the 4 steps to establish boundaries?

<p>The four steps to establish boundaries are to define, delimit, demarcate, and administrate the boundary.</p>
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What is an example of proruption being created in order to separate states?

<p>An example of a proruption being created in order to separate states can be seen with the creation of a proruption east of Afghanistan.</p>
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What is an example of a proruption being created in order to give states access to a resource?

<p>An example of a proruption being created in order to give states access to a resource can be seen when Germany carved a proruption to the east in Namibia (known as the Caprivi Strip).</p>
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What is one social implication of a prorupted state?

<p>One social implication of a prorupted state is that the proruption could separate ethnic groups.</p>
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What is an elongated state?

<p>An elongated state is a state with a long and narrow shape.</p>
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What are some examples of elongated states?

<p>Some examples of elongated states include Chile, Italy, Malawi, and Gambia.</p>
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Is Gambia landlocked? Explain why or why not.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What was the competition amongst European countries that occurred in the 19th century to establish colonies in Africa called?

<p>The competition among European countries that occurred in the 19th century to establish colonies in Africa is called the Berlin Conference.</p>
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What countries did Gambia and Senegal belong to after the Berlin Conference?

<p>Gambia belonged to Britain and Senegal became French after the Berlin Conference.</p>
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What did the border between Gambia and Senegal do?

<p>The border divided families and ethnic groups.</p>
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Name one positive outcome of the border that was established between Senegal and Gambia.

<p>One positive outcome was that trade moved freely along this border.</p>
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Name a political challenge of elongated states.

<p>A political challenge is that a capital at either pole might create advantages for surrounding cities and disadvantages for cities farther away.</p>
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Name an economic challenge of elongated states.

<p>An economic challenge is that trade and movement of opportunities may be limited due to transportation difficulties.</p>
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Name a social challenge of elongated states.

<p>A social challenge is that different regions of the state may speak different languages.</p>
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Name an economic advantage of an elongated state.

<p>An economic advantage is that different regions could grow different crops leading to agricultural diversity.</p>
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Name a political advantage of an elongated state.

<p>A political advantage is that different political ideas could come together.</p>
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Name a political disadvantage of an elongated state.

<p>A political disadvantage is that protecting a large, narrow state may be hard.</p>
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What is a fragmented state?

<p>A fragmented state is a type of state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory.</p>
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What are all states that have offshore islands called?

<p>All states that have offshore islands are fragmented states.</p>
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What are the two types of fragmented states?

<p>The two types of fragmented states are those with areas separated by water and those separated by an intervening state.</p>
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Did all of Indonesia's fragments want to be part of Indonesia?

<p>False (B)</p>
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What is a social disadvantage of a fragmented state?

<p>A social disadvantage is that fragmentation hinders communication and makes integration of people nearly impossible.</p>
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How does Indonesia manage the social implication of lack of communication/integration?

<p>Indonesia manages this by encouraging migration from denser fragments to more isolated fragments.</p>
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What is an economic disadvantage of a fragmented state?

<p>An economic disadvantage is that intervening nations/waters could make importing/exporting goods harder.</p>
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What is a political disadvantage of fragmented states?

<p>A political disadvantage is that the fragmentation creates centrifugal forces due to the difficulty in uniting different islands.</p>
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What are some examples of fragmented states?

<p>Some examples include the United States, Canada, and Russia.</p>
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Name some pros and cons of elongated states.

<ul> <li>Economic Pro: They can grow more crops due to differing temperatures.</li> <li>Economic Pro: More EEZs for exporting oils and fish.</li> <li>Political Con: Difficult communication for those living far from the capital.</li> <li>Social Con: Different ethnic groups may be isolated.</li> </ul>
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Name some pros and cons of prorupted states.

<ul> <li>Economic Pro: More access to resources due to proruption.</li> <li>General Pro: Direct access to other states via roads and railroads.</li> <li>Social Con: Proruption may separate ethnic groups.</li> </ul>
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Name some pros and cons of fragmented states.

<ul> <li>Social Con: Fragmentation hinders communication.</li> <li>Economic Pro: Nautical miles are spread out due to the EEZ.</li> <li>Political Con: The capital can be distant from certain areas.</li> <li>Social Con: Broken communication across regions.</li> <li>Political Con: Weaker government in law establishment.</li> </ul>
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Study Notes

Control and Influence of State Shapes

  • The shape of a state influences boundary lengths with neighboring states and affects communication and conflict levels within the state.
  • Internal administration and social unity are also impacted by the shape of a state.

Basic Shapes of States

  • Five basic shapes: compact, prorupted, elongated, fragmented, and perforated.

Compact States

  • Compact states are characterized by efficiency and minimal distance from the center to any boundary.
  • An ideally shaped compact state resembles a circle, with the capital at the center.
  • Advantages of compact states include:
    • Effective communication.
    • Easier trade and transportation due to close proximity.
    • Social cohesion, often with shared language and religion.
  • Disadvantages are few; however, civil wars and ethnic rivalries can still occur.

Examples of Compact States

  • Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda are notable examples.

Prorupted States

  • A prorupted state is a compact state with an extension or protrusion.
  • Created for two main reasons:
    • To access resources.
    • To separate states that would otherwise share a border.
  • Examples include the proruption east of Afghanistan and Germany's Caprivi Strip in Namibia.

Implications of Prorupted States

  • Socially, proruptions can divide ethnic groups.
  • Political advantages arise from access to resources and other states, but challenges remain.

Elongated States

  • Defined as states with a long and narrow shape.
  • Examples include Chile, Italy, Malawi, and Gambia.
  • Gambia is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, thus not landlocked.

Historical Context

  • The Berlin Conference marked a 19th-century competition among European nations to establish African colonies.
  • Post-conference, Gambia fell under British control, while Senegal became French, leading to families and ethnic groups being divided by borders.

Challenges of Elongated States

  • Political challenges include unequal advantages for cities near the poles relative to the capital.
  • Economic limitations arise due to transportation difficulties.
  • Socially, linguistic diversity may occur across regions.

Advantages of Elongated States

  • Agricultural diversity offered by varying regional climates can enhance trade.
  • Different political perspectives can coexist, though this could also lead to conflict.

Fragmented States

  • Fragmented states consist of disconnected pieces of territory, often including offshore islands.
  • Two types: separated by water or by intervening states.
  • Not all fragments in Indonesia desired to remain part of the nation.

Challenges of Fragmented States

  • Hindered communication and integration due to separation.
  • Economic challenges arise from difficulties in importing/exporting across intervening territories.
  • Political structures may weaken due to fragmentation.

Examples of Fragmented States

  • The United States, Canada, and Russia exemplify fragmented states.

Summary of Pros and Cons for State Shapes

  • Elongated States:

    • Pros:
      • Agricultural diversity from varied climates.
      • Increased exclusive economic zones (EEZs).
    • Cons:
      • Communication difficulties with distant capitals.
      • Isolation of different ethnic groups.

  • Prorupted States:

    • Pros:
      • Enhanced access to resources and neighboring states.
    • Cons:
      • Potential division of ethnic groups.

  • Fragmented States:

    • Pros:
      • Access to resources through extended nautical miles.
    • Cons:
      • Communication challenges between regions.
      • Weaker governmental authority.

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