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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the central nervous system?
What is the primary function of the central nervous system?
What type of nervous response involves a conscious, intentional reaction to a stimulus?
What type of nervous response involves a conscious, intentional reaction to a stimulus?
Which of the following is an example of tropism in plants?
Which of the following is an example of tropism in plants?
What is the role of auxins in plant growth and development?
What is the role of auxins in plant growth and development?
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What is the function of the spinal cord in the human nervous system?
What is the function of the spinal cord in the human nervous system?
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What is the importance of control and coordination in living organisms?
What is the importance of control and coordination in living organisms?
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What is the term for the rapid, automatic response to a stimulus that involves a reflex arc?
What is the term for the rapid, automatic response to a stimulus that involves a reflex arc?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the brain?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the brain?
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What is the term for the growth response of plants towards gravity?
What is the term for the growth response of plants towards gravity?
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What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS) composed of?
What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS) composed of?
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Study Notes
Control and Coordination
Control and coordination are two interconnected systems that enable living organisms to respond to stimuli, maintain homeostasis, and adapt to their environment.
Nervous System
- The nervous system is responsible for control and coordination in animals.
- It consists of:
- Central Nervous System (CNS): brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): nerves that connect CNS to senses and muscles
- Functions:
- Receives and interprets sensory information
- Integrates information and makes decisions
- Sends signals to muscles and glands to respond to stimuli
Types of Nervous Responses
-
Reflex Action: rapid, automatic response to a stimulus, involving a reflex arc
- Example: withdrawing hand from hot surface
-
Voluntary Action: conscious, intentional response to a stimulus
- Example: picking up a book
Coordination in Plants
- Plants respond to stimuli through tropisms: growth responses to environmental stimuli
- Examples:
- Phototropism: growth towards light
- Geotropism: growth towards gravity
- Examples:
-
Hormones: chemical messengers that regulate growth and development in plants
- Examples:
- Auxins: promote cell elongation
- Gibberellins: promote cell division
- Examples:
Human Nervous System
-
Brain: center of control and coordination, responsible for:
- Processing sensory information
- Controlling voluntary movements
- Regulating various bodily functions (e.g., heart rate, breathing)
- Spinal Cord: relays messages between brain and peripheral nerves
Importance of Control and Coordination
- Enables organisms to adapt to their environment and respond to changes
- Crucial for survival, growth, and development
- Impairments in control and coordination can lead to various disorders and diseases
Control and Coordination
- Control and coordination are interconnected systems that enable living organisms to respond to stimuli, maintain homeostasis, and adapt to their environment.
Nervous System
- The nervous system is responsible for control and coordination in animals.
- The nervous system consists of:
- Central Nervous System (CNS): brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): nerves that connect CNS to senses and muscles
- Functions of the nervous system:
- Receives and interprets sensory information
- Integrates information and makes decisions
- Sends signals to muscles and glands to respond to stimuli
Types of Nervous Responses
- Reflex Action: rapid, automatic response to a stimulus, involving a reflex arc (e.g., withdrawing hand from hot surface)
- Voluntary Action: conscious, intentional response to a stimulus (e.g., picking up a book)
Coordination in Plants
- Plants respond to stimuli through tropisms: growth responses to environmental stimuli
- Examples:
- Phototropism: growth towards light
- Geotropism: growth towards gravity
- Hormones: chemical messengers that regulate growth and development in plants
- Examples:
- Auxins: promote cell elongation
- Gibberellins: promote cell division
Human Nervous System
- Brain: center of control and coordination, responsible for:
- Processing sensory information
- Controlling voluntary movements
- Regulating various bodily functions (e.g., heart rate, breathing)
- Spinal Cord: relays messages between brain and peripheral nerves
Importance of Control and Coordination
- Enables organisms to adapt to their environment and respond to changes
- Crucial for survival, growth, and development
- Impairments in control and coordination can lead to various disorders and diseases
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Description
Understand the interconnected systems of control and coordination in living organisms, including the nervous system, its components, and functions.
