Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the central nervous system?
What type of nervous response involves a conscious, intentional reaction to a stimulus?
Which of the following is an example of tropism in plants?
What is the role of auxins in plant growth and development?
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What is the function of the spinal cord in the human nervous system?
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What is the importance of control and coordination in living organisms?
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What is the term for the rapid, automatic response to a stimulus that involves a reflex arc?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the brain?
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What is the term for the growth response of plants towards gravity?
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What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS) composed of?
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Study Notes
Control and Coordination
Control and coordination are two interconnected systems that enable living organisms to respond to stimuli, maintain homeostasis, and adapt to their environment.
Nervous System
- The nervous system is responsible for control and coordination in animals.
- It consists of:
- Central Nervous System (CNS): brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): nerves that connect CNS to senses and muscles
- Functions:
- Receives and interprets sensory information
- Integrates information and makes decisions
- Sends signals to muscles and glands to respond to stimuli
Types of Nervous Responses
-
Reflex Action: rapid, automatic response to a stimulus, involving a reflex arc
- Example: withdrawing hand from hot surface
-
Voluntary Action: conscious, intentional response to a stimulus
- Example: picking up a book
Coordination in Plants
- Plants respond to stimuli through tropisms: growth responses to environmental stimuli
- Examples:
- Phototropism: growth towards light
- Geotropism: growth towards gravity
- Examples:
-
Hormones: chemical messengers that regulate growth and development in plants
- Examples:
- Auxins: promote cell elongation
- Gibberellins: promote cell division
- Examples:
Human Nervous System
-
Brain: center of control and coordination, responsible for:
- Processing sensory information
- Controlling voluntary movements
- Regulating various bodily functions (e.g., heart rate, breathing)
- Spinal Cord: relays messages between brain and peripheral nerves
Importance of Control and Coordination
- Enables organisms to adapt to their environment and respond to changes
- Crucial for survival, growth, and development
- Impairments in control and coordination can lead to various disorders and diseases
Control and Coordination
- Control and coordination are interconnected systems that enable living organisms to respond to stimuli, maintain homeostasis, and adapt to their environment.
Nervous System
- The nervous system is responsible for control and coordination in animals.
- The nervous system consists of:
- Central Nervous System (CNS): brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): nerves that connect CNS to senses and muscles
- Functions of the nervous system:
- Receives and interprets sensory information
- Integrates information and makes decisions
- Sends signals to muscles and glands to respond to stimuli
Types of Nervous Responses
- Reflex Action: rapid, automatic response to a stimulus, involving a reflex arc (e.g., withdrawing hand from hot surface)
- Voluntary Action: conscious, intentional response to a stimulus (e.g., picking up a book)
Coordination in Plants
- Plants respond to stimuli through tropisms: growth responses to environmental stimuli
- Examples:
- Phototropism: growth towards light
- Geotropism: growth towards gravity
- Hormones: chemical messengers that regulate growth and development in plants
- Examples:
- Auxins: promote cell elongation
- Gibberellins: promote cell division
Human Nervous System
- Brain: center of control and coordination, responsible for:
- Processing sensory information
- Controlling voluntary movements
- Regulating various bodily functions (e.g., heart rate, breathing)
- Spinal Cord: relays messages between brain and peripheral nerves
Importance of Control and Coordination
- Enables organisms to adapt to their environment and respond to changes
- Crucial for survival, growth, and development
- Impairments in control and coordination can lead to various disorders and diseases
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Description
Understand the interconnected systems of control and coordination in living organisms, including the nervous system, its components, and functions.
