Podcast
Questions and Answers
What geological feature is formed at divergent plate boundaries due to the thinning and fracturing of the lithosphere?
What geological feature is formed at divergent plate boundaries due to the thinning and fracturing of the lithosphere?
- Subduction zones
- Rift valleys (correct)
- Volcanic arcs
- Oceanic ridges
Which process directly contributes to the melting of rocks in the asthenosphere at divergent boundaries?
Which process directly contributes to the melting of rocks in the asthenosphere at divergent boundaries?
- Increase in water content of the mantle
- Introduction of sediments from erosion
- Decrease in pressure as the lithosphere thins (correct)
- Increase in pressure due to the formation of subduction zones
What type of crust can sometimes be drawn into a subduction zone along with oceanic crust?
What type of crust can sometimes be drawn into a subduction zone along with oceanic crust?
- Transform fault crust
- Continental crust (correct)
- Oceanic crust created at a mid-ocean ridge
- Island arc crust
At which type of plate boundary is the creation of the crust most active?
At which type of plate boundary is the creation of the crust most active?
How does magma that rises and fills fractures at divergent boundaries eventually contribute to the Earth's surface?
How does magma that rises and fills fractures at divergent boundaries eventually contribute to the Earth's surface?
Which of the following processes is associated with the eventual subduction of continental crust?
Which of the following processes is associated with the eventual subduction of continental crust?
At divergent plate boundaries intersecting continents, what is the approximate rate of spreading that leads to the formation of a new ocean?
At divergent plate boundaries intersecting continents, what is the approximate rate of spreading that leads to the formation of a new ocean?
What force primarily drives the thinning and fracturing of the lithosphere at divergent plate boundaries?
What force primarily drives the thinning and fracturing of the lithosphere at divergent plate boundaries?
What is the relationship between plate movement and mantle convection?
What is the relationship between plate movement and mantle convection?
Which tectonic plates are undergoing separation in the East African Rift Valley?
Which tectonic plates are undergoing separation in the East African Rift Valley?
What is the primary geological feature found at constructive plate margins?
What is the primary geological feature found at constructive plate margins?
Which geological process directly results from the thinning of the lithosphere at divergent boundaries?
Which geological process directly results from the thinning of the lithosphere at divergent boundaries?
When continental crust undergoes weathering and erosion, what is the typical sequence of events before it might be drawn into a subduction zone?
When continental crust undergoes weathering and erosion, what is the typical sequence of events before it might be drawn into a subduction zone?
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of what type of plate boundary and geological feature?
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of what type of plate boundary and geological feature?
What is the approximate length of the longest mountain range on Earth?
What is the approximate length of the longest mountain range on Earth?
Which tectonic plates intersect at the location of Iceland?
Which tectonic plates intersect at the location of Iceland?
Which of the following geological features are commonly found in rift zones?
Which of the following geological features are commonly found in rift zones?
How does the continuous addition of magma at divergent boundaries affect the age of the oceanic crust?
How does the continuous addition of magma at divergent boundaries affect the age of the oceanic crust?
What is the estimated rate of plate growth per year along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
What is the estimated rate of plate growth per year along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
Which of the following is a direct result of magma rising to fill fractures at divergent boundaries?
Which of the following is a direct result of magma rising to fill fractures at divergent boundaries?
Which part of East Africa contains the oldest and widest rifts, indicating a more extended period of tectonic activity?
Which part of East Africa contains the oldest and widest rifts, indicating a more extended period of tectonic activity?
Where is the Earth's longest mountain range located?
Where is the Earth's longest mountain range located?
What geological evidence supports the theory of seafloor spreading at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
What geological evidence supports the theory of seafloor spreading at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
What type of geological activity is common in areas like the East African Rift Valley, indicating ongoing crustal deformation?
What type of geological activity is common in areas like the East African Rift Valley, indicating ongoing crustal deformation?
What is one of the consequences of divergent boundaries spreading through continental crust?
What is one of the consequences of divergent boundaries spreading through continental crust?
What causes the decrease of pressure in asthenosphere that results in magma formation?
What causes the decrease of pressure in asthenosphere that results in magma formation?
Which process contributes to the cooling and solidification of magma into new crust at constructive plate margins?
Which process contributes to the cooling and solidification of magma into new crust at constructive plate margins?
At constructive plate margins, which type of magma can rise and fill fractures?
At constructive plate margins, which type of magma can rise and fill fractures?
Which tectonic setting is characterized by lithospheric extension, normal faulting, and volcanic activity?
Which tectonic setting is characterized by lithospheric extension, normal faulting, and volcanic activity?
The East African Rift Valley, which is actively undergoing continental rifting, is characterized by which dominant fault style?
The East African Rift Valley, which is actively undergoing continental rifting, is characterized by which dominant fault style?
Erosion processes primarily contribute to what aspect of continental crust interaction with plate tectonics?
Erosion processes primarily contribute to what aspect of continental crust interaction with plate tectonics?
Which term describes the process by which solid rock in the upper mantle melts due to a decrease in pressure?
Which term describes the process by which solid rock in the upper mantle melts due to a decrease in pressure?
The separation of tectonic plates at mid-ocean ridges leads directly to which of the following?
The separation of tectonic plates at mid-ocean ridges leads directly to which of the following?
How does the process of subduction contribute to the rock cycle and mantle dynamics?
How does the process of subduction contribute to the rock cycle and mantle dynamics?
Which feature indicates that Iceland is a location with high geothermal activity?
Which feature indicates that Iceland is a location with high geothermal activity?
What is the result of the process of magma solidifying as a new crust?
What is the result of the process of magma solidifying as a new crust?
Flashcards
Divergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
The layer of Earth where the lithosphere is thinning and cracking, often due to the effects of plate tectonics.
Continental Crust Cycle
Continental Crust Cycle
The process where weathering and erosion lead to sediment, which undergoes subduction. May involve continental crust being dragged into a subduction zone with oceanic crust.
Decompression Melting
Decompression Melting
The process where the thinning lithosphere reduces pressures in the asthenosphere, melting rock into magma.
Magma Upwelling
Magma Upwelling
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Mid-Ocean Ridge
Mid-Ocean Ridge
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East African Rift
East African Rift
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Iceland
Iceland
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Study Notes
- The images show both continental and oceanic crust.
- Crust is formed at constructive plate boundaries and destroyed at destructive plate boundaries.
- Continental crust undergoes weathering, erosion, sedimentation, and subduction.
- Sometimes a piece of continental crust can be drawn into the subduction zone along with the oceanic crust.
Divergent Boundaries
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At divergent boundaries, the lithosphere first thins and cracks due to tension.
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Tension develops at subduction zones and is connected to mantle convection.
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Thinning of the lithosphere reduces pressure in the asthenosphere, facilitating decompression melting of rocks into magma.
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Liquid and relatively less dense magma can ascend and fill cracks.
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Contact with cold water causes magma to solidify into new crust.
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The world's longest mountain range stretches for 16,000 km.
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Four tectonic plates meet at this range: the American, South American, Eurasian, and African plates.
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The rate of growth is 2.5 cm per year.
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The Mid-Atlantic Ridge intersects Iceland.
East African Rift
- At divergent boundaries that cut across land, the rate of expansion is slower (6-7 mm/year), which can lead to the breakup of land and the formation of a new ocean.
- The East African Rift is slowly causing the African plate to split into the Nubian and Somali plates.
- A zone with many active volcanoes and deep lakes exist in the rift zone.
- Lake Tanganyika, the second deepest lake in the world is located here.
- Erta Ale in Ethiopia and Nyiragongo in the Democratic Republic of Congo are located here.
- They account for 2/5 of the world's long-term active lava lakes
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