Questions and Answers
What was the title of Robert Venturi's book published in 1966 that influenced the development of Postmodernism?
Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture
Who is known as the father of postmodernism in architecture?
Charles Jencks
What was the name of the first constructed example of postmodernist architecture in a tall office building?
The Portland Building
What was the name of the UK-based art and architecture collective formed in 1961?
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What style of architecture did Archigram draw inspiration from?
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What was the name of Robert Venturi's 1962 building known as the first postmodern building?
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Who designed the AT&T Building in 1984?
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What was the name of the 1977 book by Charles Jencks?
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What term did Frank Lloyd Wright use to describe his architectural philosophy?
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What was the main feature of Frank Lloyd Wright's Prairie Style of architecture?
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Which of the following buildings is considered the most innovative and forward-thinking of Frank Lloyd Wright's Prairie houses?
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What was the inspiration behind Frank Lloyd Wright's Usonian style of architecture?
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What was unique about Frank Lloyd Wright's use of lighting in his interiors?
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What was the name of the project for which Mies van der Rohe developed his radical proposal?
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What was the year in which Mies van der Rohe developed his radical proposal?
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What was the name of Frank Lloyd Wright's winter home and school in the desert?
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What is the main advantage of raising a building on 'pilotis' according to Le Corbusier's five points of architecture?
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What is the name of the architectural style that emerged in the mid-20th century and gained popularity in the late 1950s and 1960s?
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Who are the leading architects associated with the International Style of architecture?
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In which city did Le Corbusier plan and construct a number of administrative buildings in the 1950s?
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What is the characteristic feature of the Brutalist style?
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Who coined the term 'Brutalism' in 1954?
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What is the result of building identical structures in cities after 1960?
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What is the name of the famous building that exemplifies Le Corbusier's five points of architecture?
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Study Notes
Frank Lloyd Wright
- Developed the concept of "organic architecture" that harmonizes with its inhabitants and environment
- Initial work displayed Sullivan's motto "Form follows function"
- Famous for Prairie Style of architecture, characterized by low-pitched roofs, overhanging eaves, central chimney, and open floor plans
- Later developed the Organic style, influenced by natural resources and Japanese architecture
- Usonian style emerged as a simplified approach to residential construction, reflecting economic realities and social trends
- Innovative use of lighting in interiors
- Notable works: Willits House (1903), Martin House (1904), Robie House (1910), Fallingwater House (1936), Hanna House (1937), Taliesin West (1937), Guggenheim Museum (New York City)
Mies van der Rohe
- Developed the "Five Points of Architecture"
- Raise buildings on pilotis to free walls from structural function
- Employ a free plan
- Design facades freely
- Use horizontal ribbon windows for even lighting
- Flat roofs with roof gardens
- Notable works: Villa Savoye (near Paris, 1929), Marseilles Block (Unites D'habitation, Paris, 1947), Chapel of Notre Dame du Haut (Ronchamp, 1955), Philips Pavilion (Brussels, 1958), La Tourette Monastery (1957-1960), Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts (Boston, 1961)
World Architecture After 1950s
- 1950-60: Strict rationalism in architecture
- Post-1960: Emergence of different styles, loss of city identity
- Brutalism: emphasis on materials, textures, and construction, popular in late 1950s-1960s
- New Brutalism: functional approach, influenced by Le Corbusier, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Frank Lloyd Wright
Postmodernism
- Emerged as a reaction to modernism
- Characteristics: bright colors, playfulness, variety of materials and shapes, historical references
- Notable works: Chestnut Hill (Vanna Venturi) by Robert Venturi (1962), Guild House by Robert Venturi (1965), Piazza d'Italia by Charles Moore (1978), The Portland Building by Michael Graves (1982), Abraxas by Ricardo Bofill (1982), AT&T building by Philip Johnson (1984), Neue Staatsgalerie by Sir James Stirling (1984), Swan and Dolphin Hotels by Michael Graves (1987)
High-Tech Architecture
- Archigram: UK-based collective inspired by technology and futuristic ideas
- Formed in London in 1961 by six young architects: Warren Chalk, Peter Cook, Dennis Crompton, David Greene, Ron Herron, and Michael Webb
- Influenced by Buckminster Fuller and the American Beat movement
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