Questions and Answers
What is the first stage in the consumer decision-making process?
Problem Recognition/Need
What is the key factor in problem recognition according to the text?
Identifying a difference between current state and desired state
What might initiate the decision-making process, according to the text?
Seeing a significant difference between current state and ideal state
What is the purpose of the marketer pointing out a problem, as mentioned in the text?
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What is the concept that relates directly to the idea of involvement in gathering information?
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What is the term used for consumers who visit stores to view products and seek advice, but then make their purchase online?
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What is an intermediary that helps filter and organize information for consumers to evaluate?
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Which type of consumer is likely to do more search for information?
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What influences consumer decisions according to the behavioral influence perspective?
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What percentage of brand choices are made in-store?
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What type of risk is related to the consumer's social status?
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What are the types of risk influencing consumer decision-making?
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What are the types of information search mentioned in the text?
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What factors influence the amount of information search and who is doing the search?
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What is an example of primary demand provided in the text?
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What type of risk is related to the consumer's self-identity?
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What influences consumer decision-making related to the paradox mentioned in the text?
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What factors influence consumer decision-making according to the text?
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What is provided for further learning in the text related to consumer decisions?
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What attributes are targeted by brands influencing consumer decision-making?
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What type of decision-making process involves an elaborate decision-making process initiated by a motive central to the self-concept, with careful information collection and alternative weighing?
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Which perspective portrays consumers as analytical decision-makers who maximize utility using objective data and careful analysis?
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What type of decision-making involves repeatedly buying the same brand with very low involvement?
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What can marketers create to influence consumer decision-making, such as a freshness date on soda?
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What is used by consumers to evaluate effort required for a choice and select the best strategy suited to the level of effort?
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Which type of involvement in decision-making is a mid-point between high and low involvement?
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What can occur when running out of gas, according to the consumer decision-making process?
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What are the evaluative criteria for product choice called, which marketers can use to create decision-making rules for consumers?
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What can be functional, experiential, or symbolic, delivering different benefits and experiences to the consumer?
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What influences the consumer decision-making process, such as recognition of need or opportunity, level of involvement, and evaluation criteria for product choice?
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What type of decision-making process is influenced by the complexity of the decision and the consumer's level of commitment?
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What type of decision-making process can be extended, limited, or habitual?
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What are heuristics in decision-making?
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What is framing in the context of decision-making?
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What triggers a desire for variety seeking, according to the text?
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How do consumers react to choices based on framing, as per the text?
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What is the main concern related to the environmental impact of fast fashion?
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Where do many fast-fashion retailers outsource production, leading to environmental and ethical concerns?
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What contributes to the environmental impact of fast fashion by adding to plastic levels in oceans?
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What is a significant consequence of the low prices associated with fast fashion?
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Where does a large percentage of electronic waste end up, contributing to environmental issues in the developing world?
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What is a significant factor contributing to the creation of a large pile of electronic waste in North America?
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What is the primary characteristic of fast fashion in terms of its durability and longevity?
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What is the key concern related to the disposal of fast fashion products?
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What is a common reaction of consumers, as per the expectancy confirmation/disconfirmation model, when a product does not perform as expected?
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What is the likely response of consumers, as per the text, when faced with a negative article about their new product?
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What is the main characteristic of fast fashion in terms of its resemblance to fast foods?
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What is a significant environmental impact of the clothing industry, as mentioned in the text?
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What type of decision-making rule allows averaging competing product attributes?
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What is the term for checking products in-store and buying online?
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What percentage of retail sales did retail ecommerce represent in Canada in 2019?
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What influences post-purchase evaluation?
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What type of shopping orientation involves a focus on economic considerations?
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What is the term for in-store tactics used by marketers to prompt impulse buys?
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What is the term for the overall feeling or attitude towards a purchased product?
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What are the antecedent conditions that impact purchasing decisions?
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What type of decision-making process is initiated by a motive central to the self-concept?
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What type of risk affects the consumer's self-identity?
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What type of decision-making process can be habitual?
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What is the term for the influence of physical, social, temporal, and mood factors on consumer buying behaviors?
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Study Notes
Consumer Decision Making Process
- Need recognition can occur when running out of gas, while opportunity recognition happens when craving a better product.
- Constructive Processing is used by consumers to evaluate effort required for a choice and select the best strategy suited to the level of effort.
- Decision-making processes can be extended, limited, or habitual, depending on the complexity of the decision.
- Extended Problem Solving involves an elaborate decision-making process initiated by a motive central to the self-concept, with careful information collection and alternative weighing.
- Rational Perspective portrays consumers as analytical decision-makers who maximize utility using objective data and careful analysis.
- Involvement in decision-making can be high, habitual, or limited, affecting the level of consumer commitment to the brand or product.
- Habitual Decision Making involves repeatedly buying the same brand with very low involvement, whereas Limited Decision Making is a mid-point between high and low involvement.
- Evaluation criteria for product choice can be functional, experiential, or symbolic, with each type delivering different benefits and experiences to the consumer.
- Evaluative criteria for product choice are called determinant attributes, which marketers can use to create decision-making rules for consumers.
- Marketers can create criteria with real or perceived value, such as a freshness date on soda, to influence consumer decision-making.
- The consumer decision-making process is influenced by factors such as recognition of need or opportunity, level of involvement, and evaluation criteria for product choice.
- The decision-making process can vary from highly analytical and effortful to habitual and low involvement, depending on the consumer's level of commitment and the complexity of the decision.
Consumer Behavior and Decision Making
- Sunk-cost fallacy affects decision-making, where individuals are reluctant to waste money they've already spent.
- Compensatory decision rules allow averaging competing product attributes, while noncompensatory rules do not.
- Situational factors, such as physical, social, temporal, and mood, influence consumer buying behaviors.
- Antecedent conditions, like mood and physiological state, impact purchasing decisions.
- Shopping motivations include social experiences, interpersonal attraction, instant status, and the thrill of bargaining.
- Shopping orientations range from economic and personalized to ethical, apathetic, and recreational.
- Marketers use in-store tactics like point-of-purchase (POP) displays to prompt impulse buys.
- Showrooming, checking products in-store and buying online, poses a threat to traditional retail.
- Retail ecommerce sales in Canada reached CA$64.56 billion in 2019, representing 10% of all retail sales.
- Post-purchase evaluation determines satisfaction or dissatisfaction with a product after purchase.
- Factors like personal feelings and situational characteristics influence post-purchase evaluation.
- Overall feeling or attitude towards a purchased product drives post-purchase satisfaction or dissatisfaction.
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