Consumer Behavior and Unconscious Thought
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Questions and Answers

According to the provided information, what is a key characteristic of unconscious thought?

  • It can integrate large amounts of information into a summary judgement. (correct)
  • It requires active focus on the problem for optimal function.
  • It struggles with identifying recurring patterns.
  • It is limited by the capacity of conscious attention.
  • What does the 'deliberation-without-attention' hypothesis primarily explore?

  • The cognitive load during complex problem solving with attention.
  • The strengths and weaknesses of conscious thought in simple tasks.
  • The relationship between the mode of thought and the complexity and quality of choice. (correct)
  • The effect of sleep on conscious decision-making abilities.
  • In the context of making choices, when are unconscious thinkers likely to perform better than conscious thinkers?

  • When the decision involves a high degree of risk.
  • When evaluating a complex products with many different features. (correct)
  • When making a quick decision about a simple product.
  • When there is a need for rapid, detailed analysis.
  • According to Unconscious Thought Theory (UTT), how do unconscious thought processes differ from conscious thought processes?

    <p>Unconscious thought processes allow for weighting all attributes of choice alternatives according to their importance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'sleeping on it' suggest?

    <p>Unconscious thought helps to make sound decisions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a factor within the 'consumption situation'?

    <p>The prevailing mood of the consumer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of 'design thinking' in the context of consumer products and services?

    <p>Ensuring products are user-friendly and fit into customers' lives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided content, what does a 'customer journey' seek to achieve?

    <p>To map all the steps a customer takes when interacting with a brand. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two key dimensions that combine to create a mood state?

    <p>Pleasure and arousal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a positive mood state typically bias a consumer's judgment of products?

    <p>It results in more positive evaluations of products and services. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the 'social experiences' hedonic shopping motive?

    <p>Shopping centers act as gathering places for consumers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the hedonic shopping motive known as ‘status’?

    <p>Consumers seek attention and being waited on, even without purchasing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided material, what drives the 'thrill of the hunt' as a hedonic shopping motive?

    <p>The excitement of finding unusual or hard-to-find products. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a utilitarian need?

    <p>A need based on the objective, tangible attributes of a product. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to drive theory, what is the primary motivation behind behavior?

    <p>The need to reduce unpleasant states of arousal and return to a balanced state. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core principle of expectancy theory?

    <p>Our expectations of achieving desirable outcomes are the main motivators. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is used to understand patients' psychogenic needs by asking open-ended questions?

    <p>Thematic Apperception Technique (TAT). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, what category immediately precedes the need for self-actualization?

    <p>Ego needs/esteem. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content which example best illustrates a consumer acting on a hedonic need?

    <p>Choosing a luxury car based on the feeling of prestige and status. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be an example of the 'belongingness/social need' in the context of consumer behavior?

    <p>Joining a fitness club to meet like-minded people. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a 'hedonic need'?

    <p>Practical utility. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core principle of classical conditioning?

    <p>Learning through pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to evoke a conditioned response. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Pavlov's experiments, what initially served as the neutral stimulus?

    <p>The ringing of the bell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the principles learned from classical conditioning, what happens during extinction?

    <p>The conditioned reaction disappears when the conditioned stimulus is not followed by the unconditioned stimulus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does stimulus generalization refer to in the context of classical conditioning?

    <p>Responding to stimuli that are similar but not identical to the original conditioned stimulus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is classical conditioning used in marketing strategies, according to the text?

    <p>By pairing a product with a positive stimulus such as a desirable celebrity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In classical conditioning, what is the function of the 'unconditioned stimulus'?

    <p>It automatically causes a response without prior learning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might pairing a product with a sexy model be effective in marketing, according to classical conditioning principles?

    <p>It creates a conditioned response of arousal associated with the product. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of behavioral learning principles within a consumer context?

    <p>How consumers learn through experience and association, such as creating brand images or linking items to a need. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided information, what is the primary function of the encoding stage in the memory process?

    <p>To transform information into a recognizable format for the memory system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of memory, what does 'chunking' refer to?

    <p>The grouping of items into manageable units for easier processing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the 'rehearsal' technique for enhancing storage, as mentioned in the content?

    <p>Actively reviewing information to try and remember it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'recirculation' refer to, within the context of memory?

    <p>The process by which information is remembered through simple, passive repetition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of engaging in 'elaboration' when attempting to transfer information to long-term memory?

    <p>To actively think about the message to create deeper connections. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is it that defines a 'pioneering brand' according to the content?

    <p>A brand that becomes synonymous with a product category. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best characterizes the use of 'reasoning' in the context of consumer decisions?

    <p>It involves creative thinking to combine existing ideas with new information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can brands enhance information retrieval through descriptive naming?

    <p>By making the brand-name describe its purpose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the multicomponent (ABC) model of attitudes, which component refers to the beliefs a person holds about an attitude object?

    <p>Cognition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the high-involvement hierarchy, what is the typical sequence of attitude formation?

    <p>Cognition → Affect → Behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the low-involvement hierarchy, what typically happens after a consumer has limited knowledge about a product?

    <p>They purchase it and form an evaluation afterward. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a consumer purchases a product based on their emotional reaction to it, which hierarchy of effects is most likely in play?

    <p>Experiential hierarchy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of high-involvement product decisions?

    <p>Consumers are highly motivated to seek out a lot of information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the 'Affect' component of the ABC model?

    <p>The consumer's feelings about a product. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of marketing, what is a crucial factor in the low-involvement hierarchy?

    <p>Simple stimulus-response connections. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sequence correctly represents the order of the low-involvement hierarchy?

    <p>Cognition → Behavior → Affect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Consumption Situation

    The various factors that influence a consumer's purchase decision beyond just the buyer, seller, and product itself.

    Situational Self-Image

    How a consumer feels about their product or service at a certain time. This feeling is shaped by their current mood and situational self-image.

    Queuing Theory

    The study of waiting lines and how it impacts customer behavior.

    Design Thinking

    A design approach focusing on creating products and services that are not only visually appealing but also practical and intuitive for users.

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    Customer Journey

    Mapping out every step a customer takes when interacting with a company, from initial interest to post-purchase.

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    Mood

    A combination of pleasure and arousal, influencing our emotional state and impacting consumer choices.

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    Hedonic Shopping Motives

    The desire to shop for reasons beyond just acquiring a product, often driven by social experiences and emotional satisfaction.

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    Thrill of the Hunt

    The feeling of excitement and satisfaction from finding a great deal or uncovering a hidden gem.

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    Unconscious thought

    Thinking without actively focusing on a problem. It's like your mind working in the background, unconsciously processing information.

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    Unconscious Thought Theory (UTT)

    The idea that unconscious thinking can be better at handling complex decisions than conscious thinking.

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    Deliberation-Without-Attention Hypothesis

    The idea that unconscious thinking is more efficient for complex choices because it can process a lot of information.

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    Capacity of Unconscious Thought

    Unconscious thought can process a lot of information at once. It's like having a big mental workspace.

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    Unconscious Thought & Complex Decisions

    When making complex choices, unconscious thought can lead to better decisions because it can consider all aspects of the problem.

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    Need for Power

    A desire for a feeling of accomplishment or a sense of importance.

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    Need for Status

    A desire for recognition and admiration from others.

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    Utilitarian Need

    The desire for a functional or practical benefit from a product.

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    Hedonic Need

    The desire for an experience that involves emotional responses or fantasies.

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    Drive Theory

    A psychological state that involves experiencing unpleasant levels of arousal.

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    Expectancy Theory

    A theory that explains motivation based on the expectation of positive outcomes or incentives.

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    Homeostasis

    A process of returning to a balanced state after experiencing arousal.

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    Thematic Apperception Technique (TAT)

    A method to measure psychogenic needs by showing pictures and asking questions about the perceived situation, thought processes, and future outcomes.

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    Memory

    The process of acquiring and storing information so that it can be accessed when needed.

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    Encoding

    The process of converting information into a format that can be stored in memory.

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    Storage

    The process of retaining information in memory over time.

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    Retrieval

    The process of accessing information stored in memory.

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    Chunking

    Grouping items in memory into meaningful units to improve storage.

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    Rehearsal

    Actively reviewing material to strengthen its presence in memory.

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    Recirculation

    Repeating information to enhance storage, without active processing.

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    Elaboration

    Processing marketing messages in a thoughtful way, increasing the likelihood of long-term memory storage.

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    Classical conditioning

    Learning involving the association of two stimuli, where a neutral stimulus, after repeated pairings with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response, eventually comes to elicit a similar response on its own.

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    Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

    A stimulus that naturally elicits a response without prior learning.

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    Unconditioned response (UCR)

    The natural, unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus.

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    Conditioned stimulus (CS)

    A previously neutral stimulus that, after repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to elicit a conditioned response.

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    Conditioned response (CR)

    The learned response to a conditioned stimulus.

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    Extinction of classical conditioning

    The gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.

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    Stimulus generalization

    The tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.

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    Stimulus discrimination

    Learning to distinguish between similar stimuli and only respond to the specific conditioned stimulus.

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    Multicomponent (ABC) Model

    A model that explains how we form attitudes about things by considering three components: what we think (cognition), how we feel (affect), and how we act (behavior).

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    Hierarchies of Effects

    The idea that different components of an attitude can come into play in different orders, depending on the situation and the person's level of involvement.

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    High-Involvement Hierarchy

    A product decision process where a consumer first gathers information, forms opinions, then develops feelings, and finally takes action. High involvement means a consumer is motivated to learn a lot about the product and consider many options before buying.

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    Low-Involvement Hierarchy

    A product decision process where a consumer acts on limited knowledge, forms an opinion after purchase, and then develops feelings about the product.

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    Experiential Hierarchy

    A buying decision based on emotions and feelings. The consumer experiences something, then acts, and later reflects on the experience.

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    Affect

    A feeling or emotion associated with a particular attitude object.

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    Behavior

    The actions or behaviors a person takes towards an attitude object.

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    Cognition

    What a person believes to be true about an attitude object. It includes knowledge and beliefs.

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    Study Notes

    Consumer Behavior & Marketing Action

    • Consumer behavior is the study of how individuals or groups select, purchase, use, or dispose of products, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy needs and desires.
    • The consumption process includes prepurchase, purchase, and postpurchase issues.
    • Consumers identify a need, gather information, make a purchase, and dispose of the product.
    • Marketers can use segmentation to focus on specific consumer groups.
    • Market segmentation considers factors such as demographics, lifestyles, and psychographics to target specific consumer groups.
    • Database marketing tracks consumer habits to tailor products and messages.
    • Big Data refers to the vast amount of information collected and analyzed by marketers.
    • The internet of things (IoT) involves interconnected devices that share information.
    • Popular culture influences consumer preferences and behaviors.
    • Role theory suggests consumers act out roles and adjust consumption decisions based on those roles.
    • Consumers are motivated to consume due to brand images and meanings.
    • Needs are basic necessities, while wants are desires influenced by personal needs and cultural factors.
    • Shoppers may experience different decision-making processes depending on their level of involvement in a purchase.
    • Habitual decisions are for frequently purchased, low-cost items.
    • Limited decisions require moderate time and are for occasional purchases.
    • Extended decisions involve a high level of involvement and are for expensive infrequent purchases and high-risk products.
    • Marketing strategies can influence consumer decisions.
    • Marketers must create value and address consumer needs.
    • Marketers need to understand consumers' motivation to consume.
    • Marketing campaigns may use principles of persuasion to influence consumers.
    • Persuasion tactics include reciprocity, scarcity, authority, consistency, liking, and consensus.
    • Consumer judgments may vary with the intensity of feelings involved.
    • Consumer moods can affect their evaluation of products, services, and information.
    • Effective marketing messages are tailored to consumers' needs and emotions.
    • Deception in marketing is a critical factor that impacts consumer decisions.
    • Consumers may experience different attitudes and responses to deceptive practices.
    • Social exclusion may affect consumers' responses to marketing messages.
    • Consumers' perceived risk (financial, social, physical) influences the choice-making process.
    • Memory is a complex process with stages (encoding, storage, and retrieval).
    • Consumers use mental shortcuts and rules to make decisions.
    • Decision-making varies based on consumer involvement and perceived risk.
    • Different theoretical perspectives help understand attitude formation (cognitive consistency, self-perception, dissonance).
    • Attitudes—feelings, thoughts and behaviors—are dynamic, multi-faceted, and can be affected by experience.
    • Consumers' cognitive processes, values, and emotions influence their decisions.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the intricacies of unconscious thought processes and their impact on consumer behavior. It covers important concepts such as unconscious thought theory, mood states, and design thinking. Test your understanding of how these factors influence decision-making and shopping motives.

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