Psychology Chapter on Thought Suppression and Unconscious

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Questions and Answers

According to the content, what is the relationship between thought suppression and the rebound effect?

Thought suppression and the rebound effect are unrelated phenomena.
The rebound effect is a consequence of the difficulty of thought suppression. (correct)
The rebound effect is a technique for suppressing thoughts.
Thought suppression is a necessary precursor to the rebound effect.

What is the main point of the study conducted by Wegner et al. in 1987?

The subconscious mind plays a crucial role in controlling consciousness.
Thought suppression is an effective strategy for managing unwanted thoughts.
People are more likely to think about white bears when told not to. (correct)
The rebound effect can be mitigated by focusing on positive thoughts.

What is the 'ironic process of mental control' as described in the content?

The unconscious mind actively works against conscious efforts to control thoughts. (correct)
The process of mental control is ultimately counterproductive.
The effectiveness of mental control depends on the intensity of the thoughts to be suppressed.
Mental control is most effective when used in a deliberate and conscious manner.

How does the content relate to the idea of rationalizing disappointment?

It highlights the difficulty of controlling thoughts and emotions, which may be relevant to handling disappointment. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of the rebound effect?

Thinking about a certain word increases the probability of remembering it later. (E) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary argument made by Freud regarding slips of speech?

Slips of speech are a manifestation of the unconscious mind, revealing hidden desires or anxieties. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the psychodynamic and the cognitive unconscious?

The psychodynamic unconscious actively seeks to repress unwanted thoughts and feelings, whereas the cognitive unconscious simply processes information outside conscious awareness. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criticism of the concept of subliminal perception?

The influence of subliminal messages is too weak to have a significant impact on behavior. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary conclusion of the Strahan et al. 2002 study regarding subliminal persuasion?

The effectiveness of subliminal persuasion is limited to specific contexts, particularly in cases where individuals are already experiencing a related need. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to Dijksterhuis, what is the primary reason why unconscious processing can often lead to better decisions than conscious deliberation?

Consciousness can become overloaded with information, making it difficult to make rational decisions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key takeaway from the study by Wilson and Schooler (1991) regarding the role of consciousness in decision-making?

Consciousness can hinder decisions by drawing attention to irrelevant details and undermining intuition. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of freud's concept of the unconscious?

Freud's theories have been largely discredited by modern psychology. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the cognitive unconscious, as contrasted with the psychodynamic unconscious?

The cognitive unconscious processes information outside of conscious awareness, without necessarily assigning meaning to it. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common misconception surrounding subliminal perception?

Subliminal perception is a reliable and consistent method for influencing behavior. (E) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary implication of the research on unconscious thought processes for decision-making?

Unconscious processing can lead to better decisions in some cases, especially when dealing with complex information. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences how information is processed and prioritized according to the early selection models of attention?

The extent to which information is evaluated before selection (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of early selection models of attention, what is the 'information bottleneck'?

A point where information processing capacity is limited due to excessive input (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary finding of Treisman and Geffen's (1967) study on dichotic listening?

Participants showed little attention to the unattended ear, even when presented with meaningful information. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a critique of early selection models of attention?

They don't account for the possibility that information might be processed differently depending on the task's difficulty. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following models of attention proposes that all information is processed, but only the most relevant information reaches consciousness?

Attenuation model (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the 'perceptual load' in the Load Model of attention proposed by Lavie?

It determines whether selection occurs early or late in the information processing stream. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant finding of Corteen and Dunn's (1974) study on the unconscious processing of conditioned words?

Participants exhibited a conditioned fear response to conditioned words presented in the unattended ear, even though they couldn't consciously report them. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What key aspect of the response selection model, proposed by Deutsch and Deutsch (1963), differentiates it from early selection models?

It claims that the information bottleneck occurs after information processing. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the contribution of Von Wright et al.'s (1975) study to our understanding of attention?

It suggested that both early and late selection might be involved in attention. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is the fundamental challenge in understanding how attention operates?

Reconciling evidence for early and late selection processes. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter involved in the brain’s chemical messaging system?

Epinephrine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming?

Dreams are simply random neural activity interpreted by the brain. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the content describe the relationship between the amygdala and dreaming?

The amygdala is activated during REM sleep, contributing to the emotional content of dreams. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, why is it difficult to determine if there are differences in brain activity between lucid dreaming and normal dreaming?

Lucid dreaming is a rare phenomenon, making it difficult to study. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main arguments against the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming?

It does not provide a way to interpret the meaning of dreams. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in dreaming?

It is less active during REM sleep, contributing to the rambling nature of dreams. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the impact of psychoactive drugs on consciousness?

Psychoactive drugs can alter the brain's chemical messaging system, leading to changes in consciousness. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main finding of the study conducted by Bozarth and Wise in 1985?

Cocaine is a highly addictive drug. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the effects of hallucinogens?

Hallucinogens alter sensation and perspective, often causing hallucinations. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the 'manifest content' and 'latent content' of a dream, according to the content?

Manifest content is the dream's apparent meaning, while latent content is its underlying meaning. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT listed in the content as a major point of controversy surrounding cannabis?

It is a relatively safe drug, with few adverse side effects. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, how does the content describe the nature of hypnosis?

Hypnosis is a form of social interaction where suggestions can influence a person's subjective experiences. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major point of argument by Kirsch et al. (2011) mentioned in the content regarding hypnosis?

Hypnosis is primarily a social interaction where suggestions are readily accepted. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea in the content regarding Franz Anton Mesmer and his 'animal magnetism' theory?

Mesmer's theory of animal magnetism is widely considered to be a pseudoscientific belief. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea of the content regarding the role of the frontal regions of the brain during dreaming?

The frontal regions are deactivated during dreaming, allowing for more associative thinking. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'zombie' refer to in the context of the problem of other minds?

A hypothetical being who can mimic conscious behavior but lacks genuine subjective experiences (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of 'free will' relate to the problem of rewarding good deeds and punishing evil acts?

Free will is necessary to hold individuals accountable for their actions, but its existence is debated. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge posed by the problem of other minds?

The impossibility of directly experiencing another person's consciousness. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of 'qualia' relate to the problem of other minds?

Qualia are the subjective experiences that define consciousness, making it challenging to know if another person experiences them the same way. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following views does Dennett express regarding 'zombies'?

The concept of 'zombie' is flawed, as a non-conscious entity would be comparable to brain-dead. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'materialist' view of consciousness propose?

Consciousness emerges from biological processes in the brain, solely through physical mechanisms. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is 'anthropomorphism' as described within the context of perceiving other minds?

A tendency to attribute human qualities and experiences to non-human entities. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the research study conducted by Fray et al. (2007) on the perception of other minds?

To explore how people attribute mental capabilities to different beings, revealing patterns in judgments. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a basic property of consciousness?

Duration (C) Signup and view all the answers

The "cocktail party phenomenon" demonstrates which property of consciousness?

Selectivity (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the study by Neisser and Becklen (1975), participants were asked to react to two games displayed on a television screen. What was the main finding of this study?

Participants could easily follow one game at a time, but not both simultaneously. (C) Signup and view all the answers

The phenomenon of "change blindness" demonstrates that:

Our attention is often limited, leading us to miss important changes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the concept of "transience of consciousness"?

Consciousness is a dynamic stream of thoughts and experiences that continuously changes. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between consciousness and working memory?

Working memory is a small and limited capacity, which contributes to the transience of consciousness. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the experience sampling technique?

Capture and analyze conscious experiences in real-time. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of "minimal consciousness" as defined by Armstrong (1980)?

Responding to a loud noise by jumping back. (B), Intensely focusing on a complex mathematical equation. (A), Contemplating the meaning of life. (C), Engaging in a passionate debate with another person. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of "self-consciousness" as described by James (1980)?

Feeling embarrassed after tripping on a sidewalk. (C) Signup and view all the answers

The study by Gallup (1970) involving chimpanzees and mirror images demonstrated that:

Chimpanzees may be capable of self-recognition. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common theme found in the contents of consciousness?

Internal bodily sensations (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind the computer program that simulates daydreams, as described in the text?

To explore creative possibilities and help manage emotions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of "thought suppression"?

To avoid thinking about something we don't want to think about. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of chronic self-consciousness?

Depression and negative mood. (D) Signup and view all the answers

The study involving mirrors and trick-or-treating children on Halloween (Beaman et al., 1979) concluded that:

Mirrors can encourage more generous behavior in children. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the 'stream of consciousness' relate to the concept of 'unity of consciousness'?

The stream of consciousness contradicts the unity of consciousness, as we cannot focus on two things at once. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Free Will

The ability to make choices unconstrained by external factors.

Problem of Other Minds

Difficulty in perceiving the consciousness of others.