Construction Materials Selection Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when selecting construction materials?

  • Economic Factors
  • Physical Properties
  • Optical Properties (correct)
  • Mechanical Properties

    • Manufacturing cost is a factor that falls under mechanical properties of a material.

    False (B)

    What are the two types of loading conditions considered in mechanical properties?

    Static and Dynamic

    The ability of a material to deform under stress and return to its original shape after the stress is removed is known as ______ behavior.

    <p>elastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following factors to their corresponding category in selecting construction materials:

    <p>Availability and cost of raw materials = Economic Factors Stress-strain relations = Mechanical Properties Density and unit weight = Physical Properties Production of desired shapes = Production / Construction Considerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a construction consideration?

    <p>Manufacturing cost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Surface characteristics are considered as a physical property in materials selection.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give two examples of factors considered in production considerations when selecting a material.

    <p>Availability of the material and ability to fabricate the material (into desired shapes and required specifications)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a physical property of a material?

    <p>Flammability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The density of a material is determined by its mass and volume.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between bulk density and solid density?

    <p>Bulk density considers the total volume of the material, including spaces, while solid density only considers the volume of the solid material itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ratio of the density of a material to the density of pure water at 4°C is known as ______.

    <p>Relative density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:

    <p>Density = The mass of a unit volume of homogeneous material Specific weight = The weight per unit volume of a material Bulk density = The ratio of material mass to the total volume of material, including spaces Solid density = The ratio of the mass of solid material to the volume of solid material without any space Relative density = The ratio of the density of the material with pure water at 4°C Density index = The ratio of bulk density to density, indicating the degree to which the volume of a material is filled with solid matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these materials has the highest bulk density?

    <p>Concrete (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The density index for all building materials is greater than 1.0.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the density index in construction materials?

    <p>The density index indicates how much of the material's volume is occupied by solid matter, and it's crucial for determining the material's weight and its ability to support loads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of structural analysis?

    <p>To determine the weight of a structure designed to carry certain loads while remaining intact and remaining within limits regarding deformation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the specific gravity (Gs) of solid particles of a material represent?

    <p>The ratio of the weight of a given volume of the material to the weight of an equal volume of water at 4°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or Absolute specific gravity (Ga) is determined by excluding both permeable and impermeable voids.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ratio of mass density of fine-grained material to the mass density of water is called ______ specific gravity.

    <p>apparent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these expressions is NOT a way to express water absorption?

    <p>Percentage of the dry mass at saturation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The water-absorption ratio is equal to 1 when the material is fully saturated with water.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between true and apparent specific gravity?

    <p>True specific gravity excludes both permeable and impermeable voids, representing the density of the solid material itself. Apparent specific gravity considers both types of voids, reflecting the overall density of the material including its pores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties describes a material's ability to absorb energy and deform greatly without breaking?

    <p>Toughness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A material with high toughness is considered brittle.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property describes a material's resistance to indentation or scratching?

    <p>Hardness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these properties describes a material's resistance to high temperatures without melting or losing shape?

    <p>Refractoriness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The property of a material to deform under stress and return to its original shape when the stress is removed is called ______.

    <p>elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Specific absorption of volume refers to the percentage of the absorbed water's volume to the material's natural volume when the material absorbs water to saturation.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main categories of properties discussed in the text?

    <p>Physical and Mechanical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following mechanical properties with their descriptions:

    <p>Elasticity = Deformation with a return to original shape when stress is removed Plasticity = Nonreversible deformation under stress Brittleness = Fracture with little deformation under stress Toughness = Ability to absorb energy and deform greatly before rupture Hardness = Resistance to indentation or scratching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The property of a material to allow water to penetrate under pressure is called ______.

    <p>water permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following properties with their definitions:

    <p>Strength = Ability to resist the combined effects of atmospheric and other factors. Durability = The greatest stress a substance can bear without breaking. Hygroscopicity = Ability to absorb water vapor from the air. Water permeability = Capacity of a material to allow water to penetrate under pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials is considered impervious to water?

    <p>Glass (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mechanical properties describe a material's behavior under loads or forces, such as tension, compression, bending, and torsion.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between refractoriness and fire resistance?

    <p>Refractoriness is the ability to withstand prolonged high temperatures without melting or losing shape. Fire resistance is the ability to resist the action of high temperatures, including flames and heat, without substantial loss of strength or deformation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Information

    • Course Title: Construction Materials & Testing
    • Course Code: CE 122
    • Instructor: Engr. Manuel A. Rangel Jr.

    Introduction to Construction Materials

    • Selection of construction materials involves more than just cost.

    Factors to Consider in Selecting Construction Materials

    A. Economic Factors

    • Availability and cost of raw materials are crucial
    • Manufacturing costs are important
    • Transportation costs should be considered
    • Placing/installation costs are also significant
    • Maintenance costs need to be factored in

    B. Mechanical Properties

    • This describes the material's response to external loads
    • Loading conditions (static and dynamic) must be considered
    • Stress-strain relations are essential
    • Elastic behavior, elastoplastic behavior, and viscoelastic behavior are important aspects of material response under varying stress
    • Temperature and time effects should be taken into account when designing with certain materials
    • Failure and safety are paramount

    C. Physical Properties

    • Characteristics of a material for intended use
    • Density and unit weight are crucial factors for material selection
    • Thermal expansion is important for design in varied temperature environments
    • Surface characteristics of the material influence its overall performance

    D. Production/Construction Considerations

    • Material availability and fabrication into desired shapes and specifications are essential
    • Site construction considerations for assembly

    E. Aesthetic Characteristics

    • Material's appearance is considered

    Properties of Construction Materials

    Physical Properties

    • Physical properties characterize a material without changing its composition

    • Density (ρ) is the mass of a unit volume of a homogeneous material (ρ = M/V)

      • Specific examples of densities of certain building materials are provided in a table

    • Bulk density (ρb) is the ratio of the mass of a material to its total volume (including voids)

      • The formula to calculate bulk density is presented for reference
      • A second table shows different bulk densities for multiple materials

    • Solid density (ρs) is the ratio of the mass of the solid material to its volume

    • Relative density (d) - ratio of the density of material to the density of water at 4°C

    • Density index (p₀) - ratio of bulk density to density (indicates the degree to which a material is filled with solid matter e.g., bulk density and material density

    • Specific weight (γ)— or unit weight— is the weight per unit volume (γ = w/v)

      • Also referred to as the weight density

    • Specific gravity (Gs) is the ratio of the weight/mass of a given volume of a substance to the weight/mass of an equal volume of water at 4°C (Gs = γs/γw = ρs/ρw)

      • True or absolute specific gravity (Ga) is obtained when both permeable and impermeable voids are excluded when calculating the volume of solids
      • Apparent or mass specific gravity (Gm) is calculated when permeable and impermeable voids are included when determining the true volume of solids

    • Porosity (n) is the degree to which the volume of the material is interspersed with pores (n = Vv/Vt)

    • Voids ratio (e) is the ratio of volume of voids to the volume of solids in the material (e=Vv/Vs).

    • Water Absorption (w.a) expresses the ability of the material to absorb and retain water, expressed as a percentage by weight or volume of dry material.

    • Specific absorption is the percentage of absorbed water to the dry mass

    • Specific absorption of volume refers to the percentage of absorbed water volume to the material's natural volume when it absorbs water to saturation

    • Weathering resistance is a material's ability to withstand alternate wet & dry conditions.

    • Water permeability is the ability of a material to allow water to penetrate under pressure.

    Mechanical Properties

    • Mechanical properties describe a material's behavior under loads (tension, compression, bending, torsion, impact)
    • Strength (which is measured by stress) is the greatest stress a substance can bear under external forces without being destroyed.
    • Elasticity is a material's ability to deform under stress and return to its original shape when the stress is removed.
    • Plasticity describes the deformation of a material that undergoes nonreversible changes in shape.
    • Brittleness is the property of a material that fractures under stress, with limited tendency to deform before fracturing.
    • Toughness (or impact toughness) describes a material's ability to deform without rupture under impact.
    • Hardness is a material's resistance to being scratched or dented by a sharp object.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the factors involved in selecting construction materials. This quiz covers key concepts such as mechanical properties, loading conditions, and physical properties of materials. Are you ready to prove your understanding of construction material considerations?

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