Construction Materials and Testing - Chapter 2
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a sieve set in materials testing?

  • Measuring the viscosity of fluids
  • Testing the compressive strength of concrete
  • Measuring the density of materials
  • Determining the particle size distribution of aggregates (correct)

    • A graduated beaker is typically used for measuring precise volumes of liquids.

    True (A)

    What is the purpose of the slump cone test in concrete technology?

    The slump cone test is used to assess the consistency and workability of fresh concrete, making it easier to pour and place.

    Concrete cube molds are primarily used to create specimens for ______ testing.

    <p>compressive strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of beakers with their descriptions:

    <p>Standard or &quot;low-form&quot; beakers = Have a height about twice their diameter, sometimes called &quot;tall-form&quot;. &quot;Tall-form&quot; beakers = Have a height about 1.4 times the diameter, commonly used in chemical experiments. Flat beakers = Often called &quot;crystallizers&quot; and used for crystallization and hot-bath heating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a standard IS sieve size?

    <p>5.6mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plastic cylinder molds are typically reusable in concrete testing.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum weight of the sample required for sieve analysis, as mentioned in the provided text?

    <p>The text does not specify a minimum weight requirement for the sample in sieve analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Concrete cylinders are typically cast for standard size and allowed to cure for ______ days.

    <p>28</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are types of pressure gauges?

    <p>Integrated pressure gauges (A), Standard pressure gauges (B), Plug-in pressure gauges (C), Red-green pressure gauges (D), Flange pressure gauges (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Load indicating Devices have a single dial that indicates both range and load values.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the dimensions of the largest molds mentioned in the text?

    <p>6&quot; x 12&quot; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The compression test on a concrete cylinder is performed horizontally.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A concrete mixer is a machine used to mix concrete ingredients such as cement, aggregates, and ______ to create a uniform mixture.

    <p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the pad caps used in the compression test?

    <p>To ensure uniform load application and distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a tamping rod in construction?

    <p>To compact soil or gravel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before applying the load, it's essential to ensure that the loading platforms touch the ______ of the cylinder.

    <p>top</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following construction tools with their primary functions:

    <p>Trowel = Smoothing and finishing concrete surfaces Wheel Barrow = Transporting materials around a construction site Shovel = Digging and moving loose materials Steel Pan = Holding and mixing materials Brushes = Cleaning and applying coatings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard rate of load application in a compression test on a concrete cylinder?

    <p>315 kN/min (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of the Universal Testing Machine with their descriptions:

    <p>Hydraulic Power Unit = Generates the hydraulic pressure to move the loading ram. Load Measuring Unit = Records the applied load on the specimen. Control Devices = Control the movement of the loading ram and the hydraulic system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the return valve in the hydraulic control devices?

    <p>It controls the return of oil to the hydraulic system, allowing the main piston to move upward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Load Indicating Devices

    Instruments that show the load on a specimen using a pointer and dial.

    Mobile Concrete Mixers

    Concrete mixers that can be moved to various locations for mixing purposes.

    Standard Pressure Gauge

    A device that measures pressure in systems, typically using a dial display.

    Surface Vibrators

    Vibrators designed for direct application on the surface to compact concrete.

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    Vicat Apparatus

    A device used to determine the setting time of cement.

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    Sieve Set

    A collection of sieves with varying sizes used to separate particles.

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    Balance

    An instrument for measuring weight with high accuracy, usually to 0.1 percent.

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    Graduated Beaker

    A container used in laboratories to measure and mix liquids, available in different forms.

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    Slump Cone

    A device used to measure the consistency of concrete in the slump test.

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    Cube Molds

    Molds for forming concrete specimens, typically square-shaped for compressive strength testing.

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    Cylinder Molds

    Molds designed to create cylindrical concrete specimens for testing.

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    Flat Beakers

    Wide, low beakers often used in heating or crystallization processes.

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    Tall Beakers

    Narrow, taller beakers that hold more liquid, about twice the diameter in height.

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    Concrete Cylinder Testing

    A standardized method to test the compressive strength of concrete using cylindrical specimens.

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    Curing Period

    The time concrete must be kept moist to achieve desired strength, typically 28 days.

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    Compression Testing Machine

    A device that applies a load to a specimen to test its compressive strength.

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    Loading Rate

    The speed at which load is applied during testing, specified as 315 kN/min.

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    Maximum Load Recorded

    The highest load a concrete specimen can withstand before failure during testing.

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    Beam Moulds

    Moulds used for casting beams to test the flexural strength of concrete.

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    Universal Testing Machine

    A versatile machine that tests materials under tension, compression, or bending.

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    Hydraulic Control Devices

    Components that regulate oil flow to manage the loading process in testing machines.

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    Study Notes

    Construction Materials and Testing - Chapter 2

    • Introduction: Material quality is critical in construction, impacting success or failure. Materials testing ensures final products meet safety and quality standards, assessing characteristics under various conditions. Testing reasons include safety, cost, and ensuring suitability for intended use.

    • Materials Testing: Involves examining composition, physical structure, and chemical properties. Common tests include specific gravity, unit weight, density, compression strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, elasticity, permeability, thermal expansion, drying shrinkage, and heat capacity.

    • Specific Objectives: Students should be able to list and explain the various apparatus and equipment used in material testing, along with their functions.

    • Duration: The chapter/lesson on familiarization with apparatus and equipment takes 6 hours, including 5 hours of discussion and an assessment.

    1. Sieve Set

    • Purpose: Used to separate wanted elements from unwanted matter in samples like aggregates, sand, and other soil particles to analyze the particle size distribution.

    • Apparatus: Comprehensive set of sieves with standardized sizes; from 80mm down to 75μm (specific measurements listed)..

    • Balance/Scale: A balance with 0.1% accuracy is required to measure the test sample's weight accurately.

    • Procedure: Sample preparation, sieving through sieves, weighing collected material in each sieve after sieving.

    • Reporting: Cumulative percentage by weight of total sample; percentage of sample retained on each sieve, and recorded graphically on a semi-log graph

    2. Balance

    • Purpose: Used to determine the specific gravity (ratio of density to water density) of cured materials. (concrete, asphalt)

    • Types: Various scales are available, including bench, platform, and wheeled types.

    3. Graduated Beaker

    • Purpose: Used for preparing solutions, decanting fluids, holding waste fluids, and performing simple reactions.

    • Types: The different types include "low-form" and "tall-form" described by the ratio of height to diameter. "Tall-form" beakers are often called Berzelius beakers.

    4. Calculator

    • Purpose: For calculations related to testing results.

    5. Slump Cone

    • Purpose: Used for measuring the consistency of fresh concrete (workability); specifically how it flows.

    • Procedure: Using a standard mold (cone), the concrete is placed and tamped in stages, and the subsidence is measured.

    • Results: Recorded in mm (to nearest 5mm or 10mm)

    6. Various Molds

    • Cube Molds: Used to test concrete's compressive strength.
    • Cylinder Molds: Used to measure concrete compressive strength.

    7. Hydrometer

    • Purpose: Used to measure the specific gravity (relative density) of liquids.
    • Operation: Lowered into liquid until floating freely; the reading where the liquid touches the stem indicates the specific gravity.

    8. Universal Testing Machine (UTM)

    • Purpose: For tensile, compressive, or transverse stress testing on specimens (including concrete, metal). This equipment can also be used for Brinell hardness, ductility, and other property testing

    • Parts and Functions: Detailed descriptions of the two main parts, the loading unit and the control panel. The loading unit has a robust base, cylinder, and piston, operated by screws. The control panel has the hydraulic power unit, load measuring unit, and control devices.

    9. Concrete Mixer

    • Purpose: Used for mixing concrete thoroughly.

    • Types: Mobile concrete mixers (for multiple use) vs stationary concrete mixers (fixed position)

    10. Pressure Gauge

    • Purpose: Used to measure pressure.
    • Types: Standard pressure gauges, integrated pressure gauges, flange pressure gauges, red-green pressure gauges, plug-in pressure gauges.

    11. Tamping Rod

    • Purpose: Used to tamp fresh concrete or materials.

    12. Thermometer

    • Purpose: To measure and indicate temperature

    13. Vibrator

    • Types: Immersion, external, and surface vibrators, designed for compaction; each of these are detailed.

    14. Vicat Apparatus

    • Purpose: Determining the consistency, initial setting time, and final setting time of cement.

    15. Electric Oven

    • Purpose: High-forced volume, uniform temperature ovens for annealing, curing, and drying.

    16. Stop Watch

    • Purpose: Provides timing measurements for testing processes.

    17. Funnels

    • Purpose: Transferring materials without compromising the substance's quality or harming the scale.

    18. Wire Basket

    • Purpose: Specific gravity and water absorption testing for aggregates(testing).

    19. Hydraulic Jack

    • Purpose: Used to lift heavy loads that are not manageable by hand, conventional methods.

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    Construction Materials And Testing - Chapter 2 PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on Chapter 2 of Construction Materials and Testing, covering essential aspects of material quality and testing procedures. Students will learn about the importance of testing, various testing methods, and the apparatus used in materials testing. Prepare to evaluate your understanding of ensuring safety and quality in construction materials.

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