Construction Engineering Specification and Rate Analysis
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Questions and Answers

Who will decide what materials obtained from the site will be useful?

  • The Engineer-in-charge (correct)
  • The Department
  • The Contractor
  • The Government of India

    • What is the purpose of setting out masonry or concrete pillars?

  • To mark the center lines of the excavation
  • To indicate the grid coordinates
  • To serve as benchmarks for execution of work (correct)
  • To show the correct formation levels

    • Who is responsible for setting out center lines correctly?

  • The Government of India
  • The Engineer-in-charge
  • The Contractor (correct)
  • The Department

    • Before starting excavation, the contractor must notify:

    <p>The Engineer-in-charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the interval at which ground levels are taken in uniformly sloping ground?

    <p>5 to 15 metres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the width of excavation in foundation trenches?

    <p>Not exceeding 1.5m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is classified as Soft Rock?

    <p>Rock or hard conglomerate, weathered rock, and boulders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of boulders classified under 'All types of Soils, Murrum, Boulders'?

    <p>Not more than 0.03 cum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of taking ground levels?

    <p>To take existing levels for the purpose of measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for supplying labor for taking levels?

    <p>The Contractor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a specification in a construction project?

    <p>To describe the nature and class of work, materials, and workmanship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the estimate of bill quantities for special work to be done by a specialist firm?

    <p>Provisional sum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total cost including all the expenditure incurred from beginning to the completion of a work?

    <p>Capital cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of determining the rate per unit of a particular item of a work?

    <p>Rate analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the computation or calculation of the quantities required and expenditure likely to be incurred in the construction of a work?

    <p>Estimate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum distance from the outer edge of excavation where excavated materials can be placed temporarily?

    <p>3m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tendered percentage rate above the notified rates?

    <p>Premium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who has the final discretion in cases where excavated materials need to be placed closer to the outer edge of excavation?

    <p>The Engineer-in-charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the whole amount that can be spent during the financial year or not?

    <p>Expenditure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to materials excavated that are not useful in any way?

    <p>They are disposed of</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendered percentage rate below the notified rates?

    <p>Rebate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should backfilling in sides of foundations, plinth, under floors, etc. be done?

    <p>After concrete or masonry has fully set</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum size of stones, shingle, or boulder allowed in the backfill material?

    <p>75mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should areas inaccessible to mechanical equipment be consolidated?

    <p>By hand held power rammers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many tests are taken per 50 sqm to establish proper consolidation?

    <p>Two tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who bears the cost of the tests carried out to establish proper consolidation?

    <p>The contractor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sorting out useful materials and stacking them separately?

    <p>To enable backfilling and reuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final state of the site after completion of the construction project?

    <p>Clean and leveled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method used for removing hard rock when blasting is not permitted?

    <p>Chiseling and Wedging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to the bottom and sides of excavation?

    <p>Dress to proper level, slopes, steps, camber etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of shoring in excavation?

    <p>To prevent falling in soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the excavation is taken below the specified depths and levels?

    <p>The contractor shall fill up such over cut to the specified level with cement concrete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with the excavated materials of archeological interest?

    <p>They should be delivered to the Engineer-in-charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to ensure that the water discharged from the excavation does not cause nuisance to other works?

    <p>It should be discharged sufficiently away from the foundations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dewatering in excavation?

    <p>To bail or pump out all water that may accumulate in the excavation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for the design of shoring for proper retaining of sides of trenches, pits etc.?

    <p>The contractor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with the slipped earth in excavation?

    <p>It should be removed and the slope dressed to a modified stable slope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to the excavated hard rock?

    <p>It should be stacked properly and neatly within the specified lead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the plinth area of a building measured by?

    <p>External dimensions excluding plinth offset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a sinking fund?

    <p>To replace a building or structure at the end of its useful life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of a property at the end of its utility period, without being dismantled?

    <p>Salvage value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of specifications in construction?

    <p>To describe the nature and class of work, materials, and workmanship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between general and detailed specifications?

    <p>General specifications give a general idea of the whole work, while detailed specifications specify qualities and quantities of materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is depreciation?

    <p>The decrease in value of a property due to structural deterioration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is scrap value?

    <p>The value of dismantled materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of contingency expenses?

    <p>To cover incidental expenses of miscellaneous character</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scope of work covered under the detailed specifications of excavations, filling, and backfilling?

    <p>Excavation of foundations, trenches, and pits, including shoring, protections of existing underground utilities, and refilling around the foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the site clearance?

    <p>Removing all obstructions, loose stones, shrubs, rank vegetation, grass, and rubbish up to a distance of 150 meters outside the periphery of the area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Specification and Rate Analysis

    • Specification: describes the nature and class of work, materials to be used in the work, workmanship, etc.

    Technical Terms

    • Analysis of Rate: determination of rate per unit of a particular item of work from the cost of quantities of materials, laborers, and miscellaneous petty expenses required for its completion
    • Expenditure: the whole amount that can be spent during the financial year or not
    • Capital Cost: total cost including all the expenditure incurred from beginning to completion of a work
    • Provisional Sum: estimate of bill quantities for some special work to be done by a specialist firm whose details are known at the time of preparation of estimate
    • Rate of Cost: cost per unit of subhead, arrived at by dividing the up-to-date final charges on a sub-head by its up-to-date progress
    • Premium: tendered percentage rate above the notified rates
    • Rebate: tendered percentage rate below the notified rates
    • Plinth Area: covered area of a building measured at floor level, excluding plinth offset if any
    • Rates: rates followed are of sanctioned schedule of rates or non-scheduled
    • Contingencies: incidental expenses of miscellaneous character which cannot be classified approximately under any distinct sub-head, but added in the cost of construction necessarily
    • Valuation: technique of estimating or determining the fair price or value of a property
    • Salvage Value: value of end of utility period without being dismantled
    • Sinking Fund: fund gradually accumulated by way of periodic or annual deposit for the replacement of the building or structure at the end of its useful life
    • Depreciation: gradual exhaustion of a usefulness of a property
    • Scrap Value: value of dismantled materials
    • Specifications:
      • Describe the nature and class of work, materials to be used in the work, workmanship, etc.
      • Specify the qualities and quantities of materials, proportion of mortar, workmanship, method of preparation and execution, and method of measurement

    General Specification

    • Gives a general idea of the whole work or structure and are useful for preparing the estimate

    Detailed Specification

    • Specifies the qualities and quantities of materials, proportion of mortar, workmanship, method of preparation and execution, and method of measurement

    Excavation, Filling, and Backfilling

    • Scope of Work:
      • Excavation of foundations, trenches, pits, and over areas
      • Filling and backfilling of excavated materials
    • Site Clearance:
      • Clearing of area of obstruction, loose stones, shrubs, rank vegetation, grass, bushes, and rubbish
      • Removal of roots and vegetation
    • Setting Out and Making Profiles:
      • Erection of masonry or concrete pillars as benchmarks for the execution of the work
      • Making profiles with pegs, bamboos, and strings or Burjis to show correct formation levels
    • Excavation:
      • Classification of earthwork into:
        • All types of soil, murrum, boulders
        • Soft rock
        • Hard rock
      • Measurement and payment
    • Shoring:
      • Provision and fixing of shoring to prevent falling of soil
      • Responsibility of the contractor for design of shoring
    • Dewatering:
      • Bailing or pumping out water accumulating in the excavation
      • Diverting surface flow by bunds or other means
    • Disposal of Excavated Materials:
      • Stacking of useful materials separately
      • Disposal of surplus earth and materials
    • Backfilling:
      • Filling of excavated materials in foundation, plinth, under floors, etc.
      • Consolidation of backfilled materials

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    Description

    This quiz covers the topics of specification and rate analysis in construction engineering, including general and detailed specifications, technical terms, and various aspects of construction work.

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