Construction and Sheathing Techniques
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Construction and Sheathing Techniques

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of studs in wall construction?

  • To support beams and joists (correct)
  • To act as decorative elements
  • To insulate the walls
  • To provide fire resistance
  • What type of wall is typically considered load bearing?

  • Partition walls
  • Exterior walls (correct)
  • Interior walls
  • Non-structural walls
  • Which material is used specifically for fire resistance in wall systems?

  • Non-structural sheathing
  • Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
  • Asphalt impregnated sheathing
  • Gypsum Wall Board (GWB) (correct)
  • What is blocking used for in wall construction?

    <p>To stop fire spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the top plate in wall construction?

    <p>To connect the studs at the top</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does structural sheathing contribute to a building's integrity?

    <p>By adding structural strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate spacing for studs in exterior wall construction?

    <p>16 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sheathing is known for its weatherproofing abilities?

    <p>Asphalt impregnated sheathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using OSB sheathing in construction?

    <p>Cost, versatility, and strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is specifically categorized as a type of OSB sheathing?

    <p>Aspenite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between a vapor retarder and a vapor barrier?

    <p>Vapor retarders slow down moisture movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of drywall clips in construction?

    <p>To connect and hold drywall panels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do openings in a building serve?

    <p>Allow for ventilation, light, and climate control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the lintel (header) do in a construction context?

    <p>Supports the wall above doors and windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials is specifically designed to function as an air barrier?

    <p>TYVEC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The purpose of asphalt-impregnated sheathing is primarily for:

    <p>Moisture resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of roof is characterized by having two slopes and distributing loads down to the sidewalls?

    <p>Gable Roof</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required gap around a chimney to allow for expansion and contraction during installation?

    <p>Two inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of roof is not recommended for skylights due to water accumulation issues?

    <p>Flat Roof</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dormer has a single slope and distributes weight at the top and front wall?

    <p>Shed Dormer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate slope ratio denominator for roofs?

    <p>12 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of ceilings that have no attic space?

    <p>Support lightweight loads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which roof type has an even slope and is often seen in modern designs?

    <p>Shed Roof</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum load requirement for floor joists?

    <p>50 psf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using trusses in roofing?

    <p>They can handle snow loads effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a truss helps to keep the rafters intact near the roof peak?

    <p>Collar tie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of roof sheathing?

    <p>To provide a nailing surface and lateral bracing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During roofing installation, which layer is installed immediately after the sheathing?

    <p>Underlayment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of the energy heel truss design?

    <p>Better insulation distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of underlayment is considered more durable?

    <p>Synthetic underlayment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the drip edge in roofing installation?

    <p>To direct water away from the walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should ice and water shield be installed during roofing?

    <p>On sensitive areas like valleys and chimneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using ridge vents in roofing?

    <p>To allow hot air to escape and maintain airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which roofing material is recognized for its supreme durability and thickness?

    <p>Wood shakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of soffit vents in roofing ventilation?

    <p>To allow cool air to enter the attic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes ice damming in roofing systems?

    <p>Melted snow refreezing at the eaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be improved to combat ice damming in roofs?

    <p>Attic insulation and ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are metal roofs often used in standing seam designs?

    <p>They provide a watertight seal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of roofing material is considered the most common?

    <p>Asphalt shingles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of different slopes in roofing, particularly valleys?

    <p>To facilitate drainage and water management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Walls

    • Studs are vertical columns supporting beams and joists, transmitting loads to the sill plate.
    • Exterior studs are typically 2x6 or 2x4 and spaced 16 inches apart.
    • Walls are constructed downwards and then lifted up for installation.
    • Blocking (firestopping) is horizontal lumber used to prevent fire spread.
    • Blocking is required between studs in walls taller than 10 feet.
    • Walls are nailed to the subfloor for stability.
    • Exterior walls are load bearing, while interior walls are non-load bearing.
    • The bottom plate rests on the subfloor, while the top plate is at the top of the wall.
    • Top plates overlap at corners and bearing wall intersections, providing structural integrity and acting as beams.
    • Sheathing strengthens walls, provides lateral resistance, and acts as a base for siding and roofing.
    • Structural sheathing provides support and strength.
    • Non-structural sheathing provides insulation.

    Sheathing Types

    • Asphalt impregnated sheathing is moisture-resistant, made of wood fibers saturated with asphalt, providing weatherproofing and strength.
    • Gypsum wallboard sheathing (GWB) is fire-resistant and moisture-resistant (used in bathrooms) and cannot rot.
    • Oriented strand board sheathing (OSB) is a common and strong sheathing made from compressed wood strands and adhesives.
    • Aspenite is similar to OSB but made with compressed aspen wood strands.

    Corner Details

    • Drywall clips connect drywall panels to the wall.
    • Drywall is a board made from plaster, wood pulp, or other materials, used for interior walls.
    • TYVEC air barrier and Zip system are types of impregnated air barrier sheathing.
    • Corner details provide structural strength and weather resistance.
    • Option 1 corner details are the most energy efficient.

    Vapor Retarders

    • Vapor retarders slow down moisture movement, preventing vapor from passing through walls, ceilings, and floors.
    • Vapor retarders partially protect against moisture, unlike vapor barriers.
    • Openings in buildings allow light, ventilation, and climate control.

    Lintels and Headers

    • Lintels are horizontal beams placed above windows and doors to support the wall above.
    • Lintels are typically thick and made of stone, wood, or other materials.
    • Insulated lintels help maintain consistent indoor temperatures by minimizing thermal bridging.

    Ceilings and Roofs

    • Pitched roof, shed roof, and flat roof are broad categories of roof types.
    • Big overhangs protect the building envelope from water.
    • The denominator of the slope ratio always stays at 12 inches.
    • Flat roofs have low slopes.
    • Conventional slopes are considered "v".
    • Ceiling joists support ceilings.
    • Floor joists are engineered wood designed to support 50 PSF.
    • Rafters are sloping pieces of wood supporting the roof.

    Roof Types

    • Gable roof has two slopes that meet at a peak.
    • Hip roof has four slopes that meet at the peak.
    • Shed roof has a single slope.

    Lookout

    • Lookouts are horizontal supports for rafters.
    • Cantilevers are required when the lookout is 12 inches or more.
    • No cantilever is required with lookouts less than 12 inches.
    • Roofing installation techniques, materials, and best practices are important.
    • Roof openings include skylights, dormers, and chimneys.

    Skylights

    • Skylights should be installed parallel to the roof slope to prevent water accumulation.
    • Curb mount skylights are raised above the roof.
    • Framed-in-place skylights sit within the roof structure.

    Dormers

    • Dormer glazing is vertical.
    • Gable dormers have two slopes and distribute loads to sidewalls.
    • Shed dormers have a single slope and distribute weight to the top and front wall.

    Chimneys

    • Chimneys require a 2-inch gap for expansion and contraction.
    • Saddles or crickets are built behind chimneys to divert water and debris.

    Trusses

    • Trusses support roof loads and are pre-engineered structures.
    • Truss advantages include handling snow loads, quality control, reduced lumber waste, and faster installation.
    • Truss plates connect truss members.
    • Trusses sit on the top plates.
    • The heel is the point where the truss connects to the top plate.
    • Energy heel truss designs have increased space above the top plate.

    Roof Sheathing

    • Roof sheathing provides a nailing surface and lateral bracing for the roof.
    • Sheathing is installed perpendicular to rafters for stability.
    • Expansion and contraction gaps are left between sheathing panels.

    Underlayment

    • Underlayment is a secondary layer of protection against water damage.
    • Asphalt felt is a traditional underlayment, while synthetic underlayment is more durable and often preferred.

    Shingles

    • Shingles are installed from the eaves upwards, with proper overlap.
    • Drip edges are used to direct water away from walls.
    • Shingles are machine-made and have a uniform appearance.
    • Shakes are hand-split cedar with a more textured appearance.
    • Shakes are thicker than shingles and offer durability.

    Ice and Water Shield

    • Ice and water shield is a protective barrier installed in vulnerable areas like valleys and around chimneys to prevent leaks.
    • Valleys are the space between roof slopes where shingles overlap.

    Roof Ventilation

    • Ventilation is important for preventing moisture buildup in the attic.
    • Ridge vents allow hot air to escape and maintain airflow.
    • Intake vents bring in cool air from outside at the eaves, called soffit vents.
    • Exhaust vents release warm humid air outside.
    • Ventilation helps regulate temperature, prevent moisture buildup, reduce energy costs, and control ice damming.

    Ice Damming

    • Ice damming occurs when melting snow refreezes at the eaves, causing water to back up under shingles.
    • Solutions include improving attic insulation and ventilation.

    Roofing Materials

    • Asphalt shingles are the most common roofing material and are made from fiberglass impregnated with asphalt and granules.
    • Metal roofing is durable and often used in standing seam designs, which are crimped together for a watertight seal.
    • Clay tiles are durable and aesthetically pleasing.
    • Wood shingles are solid pieces of wood requiring proper installation and maintenance.

    Other

    • Attic knee walls support rafters in the roof and block off small spaces.
    • Collar ties are used to reinforce rafters against outward forces.
    • Roof joists keep the structure's walls from spreading at the base and support the ceiling.
    • Cornice is the connection between the roof and sidewall, used for aesthetic installation .

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental aspects of wall construction and sheathing types. This quiz covers key concepts such as studs, blocking, load-bearing walls, and various sheathing materials. Test your knowledge on the structural integrity and installation processes involved in wall assembly.

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