Constitutional Crises Management

States can limit constitutional rights only when the limitation is necessary and proportionate to achieving a legitimate public goal.

Courts assess if a state's actions during an emergency are proportional to the public purpose.

Citizens have the right to express dissent or support through public demonstrations.

Countries can affect other nations by suspending relationships, imposing sanctions, or diplomatic intervention.

Mass uprisings by citizens aimed at changing the government in response to issues/policies.

A moment when decision-makers struggle to manage societal conflicts within the constitution's boundaries.

A special situation requiring prompt action, often allowing the executive branch special powers, limited by the proportionality principle.

A scenario where the constitution doesn't offer specific guidance on a particular matter.

The constitution's unclear wording or phrasing, causing various interpretations.

Analyzing and explaining the meaning of the constitution's provisions.

The clear and direct meaning of the words in the constitution (text and syntax).

The meaning derived from the constitution's structure and relationships between different parts.

Methods of presenting (giving) arguments to interpret and explain a constitutional provision.

A set of rules and principles that govern relations between countries and other entities with international legal personality.

A treaty signed in 1648 that marked the end of the Thirty Years' War and established the modern state system.

Independent countries with the authority to govern themselves and make their own decisions.

A 17th-century Dutch jurist considered the father of international law, who wrote key texts on the law of armed conflict, treaties, and freedom of the seas.

The capacity of an entity, such as a state or an organization, to have rights and obligations under international law.

An international organization established in 1874 to standardize postal services and regulations across different countries.

A humanitarian organization established in 1863 to protect and assist victims of armed conflict and other situations of violence.

An international organization established in 1899 to provide a forum for resolving international disputes through arbitration.

An intergovernmental organization formed after World War I to promote international cooperation and prevent future wars.

An intergovernmental organization established after World War II to maintain international peace and security, promote economic and social development, and protect human rights.

The main deliberative organ of the UN, composed of all member states, responsible for discussing and making recommendations on a wide range of issues.

The UN organ responsible for maintaining international peace and security, composed of 15 member states.

The principal judicial organ of the UN, responsible for settling legal disputes between states.

An era of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union, from the late 1940s to the early 1990s, characterized by proxy wars and ideological conflict.

The process by which colonies gained independence from their imperial powers.

Entities that possess international legal personality, meaning they have rights and obligations under international law.

Sovereign entities that possess full international legal personality, including the right to self-determination, independence, and territorial integrity.

Associations of states established by treaty, often with limited international legal personality, depending on their purpose and powers.

Human beings increasingly recognized in international law as having rights and obligations, including obligations under international criminal law and rights under human rights treaties.