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Questions and Answers
What is the required number of members needed to table a resolution in the Assembly?
What is the required number of members needed to table a resolution in the Assembly?
What happens to the originators of a resolution if it fails to obtain a desirable majority?
What happens to the originators of a resolution if it fails to obtain a desirable majority?
How many total members are there in the National Assembly of Pakistan?
How many total members are there in the National Assembly of Pakistan?
Under what condition can the President NOT dissolve the National Assembly?
Under what condition can the President NOT dissolve the National Assembly?
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What is the time limit for the President to give assent to a bill passed by the National Assembly?
What is the time limit for the President to give assent to a bill passed by the National Assembly?
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What happens if the President does not assent to a bill due to desired amendments?
What happens if the President does not assent to a bill due to desired amendments?
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Who appoints the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?
Who appoints the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?
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What are the qualifications required to be appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court?
What are the qualifications required to be appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court?
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What jurisdiction does the Supreme Court have regarding disputes between Central and Provincial Governments?
What jurisdiction does the Supreme Court have regarding disputes between Central and Provincial Governments?
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What is the role of the Supreme Judicial Council?
What is the role of the Supreme Judicial Council?
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What action can the President take if a Supreme Court judge is deemed incapacitated?
What action can the President take if a Supreme Court judge is deemed incapacitated?
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What is the minimum majority required for the Assembly to pass a bill again after the President’s disapproval?
What is the minimum majority required for the Assembly to pass a bill again after the President’s disapproval?
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What action did President Iskander Mirza take on October 7, 1958?
What action did President Iskander Mirza take on October 7, 1958?
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Which of the following is NOT a jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
Which of the following is NOT a jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
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Who became the Chief Martial Law Administrator after Iskander Mirza abrogated the Constitution?
Who became the Chief Martial Law Administrator after Iskander Mirza abrogated the Constitution?
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What was one of the primary roles of the Constitution Commission set up by Ayub Khan?
What was one of the primary roles of the Constitution Commission set up by Ayub Khan?
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What form of government did Ayub Khan prefer in the 1962 Constitution?
What form of government did Ayub Khan prefer in the 1962 Constitution?
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What significant event marked the end of Ayub Khan's Martial Law regime?
What significant event marked the end of Ayub Khan's Martial Law regime?
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What was a consequence of the political environment during the constitutional crisis in Pakistan?
What was a consequence of the political environment during the constitutional crisis in Pakistan?
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What theme does the analysis of the constitutional crisis in Pakistan include?
What theme does the analysis of the constitutional crisis in Pakistan include?
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Which document did Ayub Khan set out to create that differed from the Constitution Commission's recommendations?
Which document did Ayub Khan set out to create that differed from the Constitution Commission's recommendations?
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What was Iskander Mirza's approach toward the Constitution during his presidency?
What was Iskander Mirza's approach toward the Constitution during his presidency?
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What was Hussain Shaheed Suhrawardy's stance on democratic processes?
What was Hussain Shaheed Suhrawardy's stance on democratic processes?
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What caused the political instability in Pakistan during 1958?
What caused the political instability in Pakistan during 1958?
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How did Iskander Mirza's actions affect political party affiliations?
How did Iskander Mirza's actions affect political party affiliations?
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What was the situation regarding foreign exchange in Pakistan during mid-1958?
What was the situation regarding foreign exchange in Pakistan during mid-1958?
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What impact did the unconstitutional dismissals by Iskander Mirza have?
What impact did the unconstitutional dismissals by Iskander Mirza have?
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What did Hussain Shaheed Suhrawardy prioritize in his plans for the country?
What did Hussain Shaheed Suhrawardy prioritize in his plans for the country?
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What was a significant consequence of Iskander Mirza's political maneuvers?
What was a significant consequence of Iskander Mirza's political maneuvers?
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Which amendment increased the number of members in Pakistan's legislature up to 256?
Which amendment increased the number of members in Pakistan's legislature up to 256?
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What was the main subject of Ayesha Jalal's work mentioned in the sources?
What was the main subject of Ayesha Jalal's work mentioned in the sources?
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Who authored 'Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan' published in 1965?
Who authored 'Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan' published in 1965?
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Which article of the 1962 Constitution addresses the powers of the President?
Which article of the 1962 Constitution addresses the powers of the President?
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What does the President's Order (Post-Proclamation) No: 1 of 1958 signify?
What does the President's Order (Post-Proclamation) No: 1 of 1958 signify?
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In which publication did Nasir Husain Chudhri discuss Chief Justice Muhammad Munir's contributions?
In which publication did Nasir Husain Chudhri discuss Chief Justice Muhammad Munir's contributions?
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When was the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan officially adopted?
When was the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan officially adopted?
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Which article of the 1962 Constitution is associated with the rights of minorities?
Which article of the 1962 Constitution is associated with the rights of minorities?
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Study Notes
Constitutional Crisis in Pakistan (1958-1969)
- Pakistan faced significant constitutional issues largely due to the growing influence of the military and the decline of political parties.
- On October 7, 1958, President Iskander Mirza abrogated the 1956 Constitution and declared Martial Law, marking the advent of military rule.
- Mirza dismissed existing ministers, dissolved Central and Provincial Assemblies, and prohibited political activities.
- General Muhammad Ayub Khan, as Chief Martial Law Administrator, quickly ousted Mirza and assumed the presidency by October 27, 1958.
- Ayub Khan established a Constitution Commission to explore the failure of parliamentary governance in Pakistan.
- The 1962 Constitution created under Ayub Khan's regime favored a presidential system, diverging from the commission's recommendations.
- The 1962 Constitution ended the martial law, transitioning toward a civilian constitutional government under Ayub Khan.
Iskander Mirza's Political Intrigues
- Mirza utilized constitutional provisions to dismiss multiple ministries and manipulate political processes to maintain power.
- His actions led to instability within the Muslim League and facilitated the rise of the Republican Party.
- Hussain Shaheed Suhrawardy, Prime Minister in 1958, advocated for democratic processes but was forced to resign by Mirza.
Economic Challenges and Political Instability
- By mid-1958, Pakistan faced severe economic issues, including declining foreign exchange and rising liabilities, contributing to a sense of crisis.
- There were attempts to hold elections, but political ambitions and manipulations thwarted these efforts.
Federal Judiciary Structure under 1962 Constitution
- The Supreme Court was established with a Chief Justice appointed by the President, who could also appoint other judges.
- Appointees required specific qualifications including citizenship, prior judicial experience, and advocacy credentials.
- The Supreme Court had appellate, advisory, and original jurisdictions, handling disputes between the central and provincial governments.
Supreme Judicial Council Provisions
- The 1962 Constitution introduced the Supreme Judicial Council to address complaints against Supreme Court and High Court judges.
- Judges could be removed based on council recommendations, contingent upon a significant majority in the Assembly.
Legislative Framework
- The National Assembly consisted of 150 members, elected through an Electoral College from both East and West Pakistan.
- Presidential powers included the authority to dissolve the Assembly, influenced by specific conditions such as pending impeachment resolutions.
- A resolution was required for the Assembly to override presidential vetoes, emphasizing the power dynamics within the legislature.
Legacy and Impact
- The political climate from 1958 to 1969 saw repeated military interventions, legislative manipulation, and constitutional crises.
- Ayub Khan's regime ultimately faced challenges in maintaining democratic governance, leading to political unrest and his resignation.
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Description
This quiz explores the significant constitutional challenges faced by Pakistan between 1958 and 1969, highlighting the military's influence during this tumultuous period. Students will examine the intricate relationships between the army, political parties, and the government. Test your understanding of this critical phase in Pakistan's history.
