Case Law/Amendments

Fourth Amendment

• Prevents unreasonable searches and seizures
• Requires a warrant based on probable cause (PC)

Fifth Amendment

• Prevents self-incrimination
• Right to remain silent

Sixth Amendment

• Right to counsel
• Right to confront witnesses (e.g., "I want a lawyer")

Fourteenth Amendment

• Extends Bill of Rights protections to the states
• Guarantees equal rights

Exclusionary Rule Cases

• Weeks v. United States: Exclusionary rule applies to federal courts
• Mapp v. Ohio: Exclusionary rule applies to state courts (evidence illegally obtained is inadmissible)
• Minnesota v. Olson: Fourth Amendment protection extends to overnight guests

Search and Seizure Cases

• Chimel v. California: Search incident to arrest is permissible in the area within the arrestee's immediate control
• Maryland v. Buie: Protective sweeps are allowed if officers have reasonable belief of danger
• United States v. Sokolow: "Terry stop" (detaining a person based on reasonable suspicion) is permissible
• Arizona v. Gant: Search of a vehicle is allowed if the arrest is in the vehicle's area or the officer has reason to believe evidence is inside

Good Faith Exception

• United States v. Leon: Evidence obtained under a warrant that is later deemed invalid is admissible if the officer acted in good faith.
• Arizona v. Evans: The good faith exception applies to court errors, like errors in warrant databases.

Due Process Violations

• Brown v. Mississippi: Coerced confessions are unconstitutional.

Interrogation and Miranda Rights

• Rhode Island v. Innis: Two officers discussing a case amongst themselves is not considered interrogation (for Miranda purposes).
• Edwards v. Arizona: Interrogation must cease when a suspect requests counsel.

Arrestee Rights and Timelines

• McNabb v. United States: Arrestees must be brought before a magistrate promptly (within a reasonable time to avoid 5th Amend. violations)
• Mallory v. United States: (Same as McNabb, often referred to as the McNabb-Mallory rule)

Officer Liability

• Ohio v. Harris: Officers can be held liable for inadequate training leading to misconduct.

Test your knowledge on the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution. This quiz covers the key protections and landmark cases associated with each amendment, including the exclusionary rule and search and seizure principles. Perfect for students of law or anyone interested in constitutional rights.