Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements best describes conservatism?
Which of the following statements best describes conservatism?
- It seeks to preserve existing values and resist change. (correct)
- It promotes rapid societal transformation.
- It emphasizes the importance of individualism above all.
- It is solely opposed to liberal values.
Toryism shares many similarities with modern conservatism.
Toryism shares many similarities with modern conservatism.
False (B)
Who were the initial conservatives that opposed the American revolution?
Who were the initial conservatives that opposed the American revolution?
British
Conservatives view monarchy and religion as __________ to society.
Conservatives view monarchy and religion as __________ to society.
Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
What reflects the hierarchy in society according to traditional conservative beliefs?
What reflects the hierarchy in society according to traditional conservative beliefs?
Toryism is fully supportive of absolute monarchy.
Toryism is fully supportive of absolute monarchy.
Who is often seen as one of the creators of conservatism?
Who is often seen as one of the creators of conservatism?
Toryism was originally unsupportive of the _____ but later made peace with it.
Toryism was originally unsupportive of the _____ but later made peace with it.
Match the following ideas with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following ideas with their corresponding descriptions:
What is a characteristic view of Toryism concerning individuals in society?
What is a characteristic view of Toryism concerning individuals in society?
Toryism promotes a high level of individual tolerance regarding personal beliefs and rights.
Toryism promotes a high level of individual tolerance regarding personal beliefs and rights.
What does Toryism justify itself on?
What does Toryism justify itself on?
Toryism views hierarchy as _____ in society.
Toryism views hierarchy as _____ in society.
How do Tories generally feel about the role of government?
How do Tories generally feel about the role of government?
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Study Notes
Conservatism
- Counterpart to liberalism
- Conservatives can also be liberal
- Individuals can change their political views
- Conservative values can change
- Disposition to preserving existing values and resisting change
- Traditional conservatism is an ideology of community
- Toryism is an ideology of an ideal hierarchy which is seen as a natural order
- Conservatism sees the whole (society) as greater than the sum of its parts (individuals)
- Favours a strong, but inactive state
- Tories are often in favour of traditional institutions, such as monarchy and aristocratic legislative assemblies
- Not supporters of absolute monarchy
- Favour a balance between monarchy and aristocracy
- Toryism is comfortable with authoritarian structures if applied to the 'right' people
- Tories lean towards a limited state, particularly in more democratic societies
- More likely to support constitutionalism than democracy
- Initially, Tories were against markets
- Now supportive of the market, but with a focus on the good of the community
- Economic nationalism over laissez-faire
- Traditional values, including religious and social norms, are valued as part of the necessary structure of society
- Less tolerant than liberals, who while also recognizing right and wrong, believe that individuals are responsible for their own choices
- Unlike liberals who focus on rights, conservatives believe in fulfilling one's duty
- National interest guides foreign policy, which can be expressed aggressively or defensively
- Aggressive national interest is evident in colonialism and pursuit of power
- Defensive national interest is reflected through policies protecting prosperity and national culture, such as economic measures
- Justified by the wisdom of tradition - values handed down through generations should be preserved
- Methods that have succeeded in the past are valued over new solutions
- All tories are conservatives, but not all conservatives are tories
- Traditional toryism is seen as having disappeared as society evolved
- Modern conservatism emphasizes the collective over the individual
- Hierarchy is seen as a natural aspect of society
- The most fortunate have obligations towards the less fortunate within society
Sources of First Generation Ideologies
- Edmund Burke is often considered one of the founders of conservatism
- His views were sometimes inconsistent, such as his support for the American Revolution but not the French Revolution
- He wrote "Reflections on the Revolution in France"
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