80 Questions
What is thermal energy capable of?
Convection, conduction, and radiation
What is the main characteristic of radiant energy?
It can travel through empty space
What is the origin of all energy?
Radiant energy
What is chemical energy?
The energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds
What happens in exothermic reactions?
They absorb less energy than they release
What is nuclear energy released from?
The nucleus of atoms
How do stars like the Sun release nuclear energy?
Through fusion reactions
What is the speed of radiant energy in a vacuum?
~300,000,000 meters per second
According to the conservation of energy, what happens to energy when it is converted from one type to another?
It is neither created nor destroyed, only converted
What is the unit of measurement for gravitational potential energy?
Joules
What is the formula for kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy = 1/2 mv^2
What is the definition of power in physics?
The amount of work done over time
What is the unit of measurement for mechanical power?
All of the above
What is thermal energy?
The energy of an object due to the movement of its particles
What is the relationship between thermal energy and particle movement?
Particles move quickly when thermal energy is high
What is the purpose of the lab in the lesson?
To calculate the kinetic energy and the gravitational potential energy
What is the relationship between energy and mass according to Einstein's famous equation?
It takes a tiny amount of mass to generate a massive amount of energy.
What is the result of the mass defect in a fusion reaction?
A massive amount of energy is released.
What is the purpose of adding heat energy to a substance?
To raise the temperature of the substance.
What is the difference between specific heat capacity and molar specific heat capacity?
Specific heat capacity is per unit mass, while molar specific heat capacity is per unit mole.
What is the process by which plants produce sugar and oxygen?
Photosynthesis
What is the term for the energy that is transferred from one substance to another due to a temperature difference?
Heat
What is the purpose of heat energy in a nuclear power plant?
To create steam
What is the result of a phase change in a substance?
A change in state
What is the time it takes to complete one wave cycle?
Wave period
What is the direction of particle movement in transverse waves?
Perpendicular to the direction of the wave
What is the distance between one part of a wave and the next similar part?
Wavelength
What type of waves do not need a medium to travel through?
Electromagnetic waves
What type of wave is produced by earthquakes and can pass through the Earth's outer core?
P wave
What is the term for the highest point of a transverse wave?
Crest
What type of wave combines both longitudinal and transverse wave characteristics?
Rayleigh wave
What is the term for the lowest point of a transverse wave?
Trough
What is the most usable form of energy by cells?
ATP
What is the term for the movement of waves?
Wave propagation
What determines the wave speed in a cord?
Tension and mass per unit length
What is the characteristic of transverse waves?
Vibration of the particle perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation
What is the correlation between the frequency of a wave and its wavelength?
The frequency of a wave is inversely proportional to its wavelength
What is the energy released from the breakdown of sugar used for?
To make ATP
What is the characteristic of mechanical waves?
They require a medium to propagate
What is the term for the number of waves that pass through a fixed point?
Frequency
What type of energy is thermal energy both a type of and capable of doing?
Kinetic energy and doing work
How do all elements originate?
Through gravitational radiation interacting with matter
What type of radiation does not require matter as a medium to propagate?
Both electromagnetic and gravitational radiation
What is the underlying principle of the conservation of energy?
Energy can be converted from one type to another
What is the result of nuclear fusion transforming energy?
Radiant energy into kinetic energy
What is the factor that determines the gravitational potential energy of an object?
Mass and height of the object
What is the role of radiant energy in supporting life on Earth?
It is essential for photosynthesis, which supports life
What is the unit of measurement for kinetic energy?
Joules
What is the characteristic of exothermic reactions?
They release more energy than they absorb
What is the relationship between the velocity of an object and its kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy increases as velocity increases
What is the purpose of calculating the difference between kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy in the lab?
To calculate the energy released as heat through friction
What is the ultimate source of energy in fossil fuels, biomass, and decaying biomass?
The Sun's radiant energy
What is the definition of power in physics?
The amount of work done over time
What is the role of chemical energy in providing useful power?
It is a type of potential energy
What is the characteristic of thermal energy?
It is related to the movement of particles
What is the relationship between the movement of particles and the thermal energy of an object?
The particles move quickly when the thermal energy is high
What is the primary source of energy for the entire planet?
The Sun
What happens to the temperature of a substance during a phase change?
It remains constant
What is the result of the mass defect in a fission reaction?
A massive amount of energy is released
What is the term for the ability to do work in physics?
Energy
What is the purpose of heat energy in a substance?
To increase the temperature of the substance
What is the process by which plants produce sugar and oxygen?
Photosynthesis
What is the correlation between the specific heat capacity and the molar specific heat capacity of a substance?
Specific heat capacity includes the mass of the substance, while molar specific heat capacity includes the number of moles
What is the primary purpose of a nuclear power plant?
To generate electricity from thermal energy
What is the correlation between wave frequency and wave period?
Wave frequency is inversely proportional to wave period
What is the main difference between transverse and longitudinal waves?
The direction of particle movement in relation to the wave direction
What type of wave can pass through the Earth's outer core?
Longitudinal wave
What is the characteristic of electromagnetic waves?
They do not need a medium to travel through
What is the distance between one part of a wave and the next similar part?
Wavelength
Which type of wave combines both longitudinal and transverse wave characteristics?
Rayleigh wave
What is the term for the highest point of a transverse wave?
Crest
What is the main difference between mechanical and electromagnetic waves?
The need for a medium to travel through
What is the result of the breakdown of sugar in cellular respiration?
Release of carbon dioxide and water
What is the purpose of the energy released from the breakdown of sugar in cells?
To perform work
What is the characteristic of periodic motion?
Back-and-forth motion
What is the relationship between the amplitude and energy of a wave?
The larger the amplitude, the higher the energy
What is the formula for wave speed?
v = f × λ
What is the effect of temperature on the speed of sound?
Higher temperature results in faster speed of sound
How do mechanical waves differ from electromagnetic waves?
Mechanical waves require a medium, while electromagnetic waves do not
What is the correlation between the frequency and wavelength of a wave?
The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength
Study Notes
Energy
- Energy is neither created nor destroyed, only converted from one type to another
- Gravitational potential energy is based on an object's height, calculated by GPE = mgh
- Kinetic energy is greater for faster-moving objects, calculated by KE = 0.5mv²
Power
- Power is the rate of work done over time
- Units of power include horsepower (Hp), Watts (W), and joules per second (J/s)
- Mechanical power involves work done by a system over time, while electrical power involves energy transferred within a circuit
Thermal Energy
- Thermal energy is the energy of an object/system due to particle movement
- Thermal energy is a type of kinetic energy that can do work
- Thermal energy can be transferred through convection, conduction, and radiation
Radiant Energy
- Radiant energy is a type of energy that can travel through empty space
- Radiant energy comes in the form of electromagnetic radiation and gravitational radiation
- All radiant energy travels at the speed of light (~300,000,000 m/s in a vacuum)
Chemical Energy
- Chemical energy is the energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds
- Chemical energy is a form of potential energy
- Exothermic reactions release energy, while endothermic reactions absorb energy
Nuclear Energy
- Nuclear energy is released from the nucleus of atoms
- Nuclear energy is released through fission reactions in power plants and fusion reactions in stars
- Einstein's equation E = mc² shows that a small amount of mass can generate immense energy
Heat and Temperature
- Heat is a form of energy that can be transferred from one body to another
- Temperature is the average kinetic energy of a substance
- Heat capacity is the quantity of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one unit
Phase Changes
- Phase changes occur when energy is added or removed from a substance
- Examples of phase changes include water freezing into ice, ice melting into water, and water boiling into water vapor
- Boiling point can be affected by impurities and altitude
Energy and Life
- All living organisms require energy for survival and reproduction
- Energy from the sun is transformed into usable forms for living organisms through photosynthesis
- Cellular respiration is the process of generating ATP from the breakdown of sugar and oxygen
Vibrations and Waves
- Vibrations are repeated back-and-forth motions of particles
- Waves are vibrations or disturbances that travel from one point to another
- Waves transfer energy from one place to another without transporting matter or the medium itself
Wave Characteristics
- Waves have crests, troughs, amplitude, wavelength, and frequency
- Amplitude is the maximum height of a wave from its equilibrium position
- Wavelength is the distance between two successive identical points in a wave
- Frequency is the number of waves that pass through a fixed point per second
Energy
- Energy is neither created nor destroyed, only converted from one type to another
- Gravitational potential energy is based on an object's height, calculated by GPE = mgh
- Kinetic energy is greater for faster-moving objects, calculated by KE = 0.5mv²
Power
- Power is the rate of work done over time
- Units of power include horsepower (Hp), Watts (W), and joules per second (J/s)
- Mechanical power involves work done by a system over time, while electrical power involves energy transferred within a circuit
Thermal Energy
- Thermal energy is the energy of an object/system due to particle movement
- Thermal energy is a type of kinetic energy that can do work
- Thermal energy can be transferred through convection, conduction, and radiation
Radiant Energy
- Radiant energy is a type of energy that can travel through empty space
- Radiant energy comes in the form of electromagnetic radiation and gravitational radiation
- All radiant energy travels at the speed of light (~300,000,000 m/s in a vacuum)
Chemical Energy
- Chemical energy is the energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds
- Chemical energy is a form of potential energy
- Exothermic reactions release energy, while endothermic reactions absorb energy
Nuclear Energy
- Nuclear energy is released from the nucleus of atoms
- Nuclear energy is released through fission reactions in power plants and fusion reactions in stars
- Einstein's equation E = mc² shows that a small amount of mass can generate immense energy
Heat and Temperature
- Heat is a form of energy that can be transferred from one body to another
- Temperature is the average kinetic energy of a substance
- Heat capacity is the quantity of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one unit
Phase Changes
- Phase changes occur when energy is added or removed from a substance
- Examples of phase changes include water freezing into ice, ice melting into water, and water boiling into water vapor
- Boiling point can be affected by impurities and altitude
Energy and Life
- All living organisms require energy for survival and reproduction
- Energy from the sun is transformed into usable forms for living organisms through photosynthesis
- Cellular respiration is the process of generating ATP from the breakdown of sugar and oxygen
Vibrations and Waves
- Vibrations are repeated back-and-forth motions of particles
- Waves are vibrations or disturbances that travel from one point to another
- Waves transfer energy from one place to another without transporting matter or the medium itself
Wave Characteristics
- Waves have crests, troughs, amplitude, wavelength, and frequency
- Amplitude is the maximum height of a wave from its equilibrium position
- Wavelength is the distance between two successive identical points in a wave
- Frequency is the number of waves that pass through a fixed point per second
Understand the concept of conservation of energy and how it relates to gravitational potential energy. Learn to calculate GPE using the equation mgh.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
