Conservation of Energy: Gravitational Potential Energy
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Questions and Answers

What is thermal energy capable of?

  • Only conduction
  • Only radiation
  • Neither convection nor conduction
  • Convection, conduction, and radiation (correct)

    • What is the main characteristic of radiant energy?

  • It's only in the form of electromagnetic radiation
  • It can travel through empty space (correct)
  • It requires a medium to travel
  • It travels at the speed of sound

    • What is the origin of all energy?

  • Nuclear energy
  • Thermal energy
  • Radiant energy (correct)
  • Chemical energy

    • What is chemical energy?

    <p>The energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in exothermic reactions?

    <p>They absorb less energy than they release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nuclear energy released from?

    <p>The nucleus of atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do stars like the Sun release nuclear energy?

    <p>Through fusion reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of radiant energy in a vacuum?

    <p>~300,000,000 meters per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the conservation of energy, what happens to energy when it is converted from one type to another?

    <p>It is neither created nor destroyed, only converted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for gravitational potential energy?

    <p>Joules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for kinetic energy?

    <p>Kinetic energy = 1/2 mv^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of power in physics?

    <p>The amount of work done over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for mechanical power?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thermal energy?

    <p>The energy of an object due to the movement of its particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between thermal energy and particle movement?

    <p>Particles move quickly when thermal energy is high</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the lab in the lesson?

    <p>To calculate the kinetic energy and the gravitational potential energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between energy and mass according to Einstein's famous equation?

    <p>It takes a tiny amount of mass to generate a massive amount of energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the mass defect in a fusion reaction?

    <p>A massive amount of energy is released.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding heat energy to a substance?

    <p>To raise the temperature of the substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between specific heat capacity and molar specific heat capacity?

    <p>Specific heat capacity is per unit mass, while molar specific heat capacity is per unit mole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which plants produce sugar and oxygen?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the energy that is transferred from one substance to another due to a temperature difference?

    <p>Heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of heat energy in a nuclear power plant?

    <p>To create steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a phase change in a substance?

    <p>A change in state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time it takes to complete one wave cycle?

    <p>Wave period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of particle movement in transverse waves?

    <p>Perpendicular to the direction of the wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance between one part of a wave and the next similar part?

    <p>Wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of waves do not need a medium to travel through?

    <p>Electromagnetic waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wave is produced by earthquakes and can pass through the Earth's outer core?

    <p>P wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the highest point of a transverse wave?

    <p>Crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wave combines both longitudinal and transverse wave characteristics?

    <p>Rayleigh wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the lowest point of a transverse wave?

    <p>Trough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most usable form of energy by cells?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of waves?

    <p>Wave propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the wave speed in a cord?

    <p>Tension and mass per unit length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of transverse waves?

    <p>Vibration of the particle perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correlation between the frequency of a wave and its wavelength?

    <p>The frequency of a wave is inversely proportional to its wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy released from the breakdown of sugar used for?

    <p>To make ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of mechanical waves?

    <p>They require a medium to propagate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the number of waves that pass through a fixed point?

    <p>Frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of energy is thermal energy both a type of and capable of doing?

    <p>Kinetic energy and doing work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do all elements originate?

    <p>Through gravitational radiation interacting with matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiation does not require matter as a medium to propagate?

    <p>Both electromagnetic and gravitational radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying principle of the conservation of energy?

    <p>Energy can be converted from one type to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of nuclear fusion transforming energy?

    <p>Radiant energy into kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the factor that determines the gravitational potential energy of an object?

    <p>Mass and height of the object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of radiant energy in supporting life on Earth?

    <p>It is essential for photosynthesis, which supports life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for kinetic energy?

    <p>Joules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of exothermic reactions?

    <p>They release more energy than they absorb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the velocity of an object and its kinetic energy?

    <p>Kinetic energy increases as velocity increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the difference between kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy in the lab?

    <p>To calculate the energy released as heat through friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate source of energy in fossil fuels, biomass, and decaying biomass?

    <p>The Sun's radiant energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of power in physics?

    <p>The amount of work done over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chemical energy in providing useful power?

    <p>It is a type of potential energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of thermal energy?

    <p>It is related to the movement of particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the movement of particles and the thermal energy of an object?

    <p>The particles move quickly when the thermal energy is high</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for the entire planet?

    <p>The Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the temperature of a substance during a phase change?

    <p>It remains constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the mass defect in a fission reaction?

    <p>A massive amount of energy is released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability to do work in physics?

    <p>Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of heat energy in a substance?

    <p>To increase the temperature of the substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which plants produce sugar and oxygen?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correlation between the specific heat capacity and the molar specific heat capacity of a substance?

    <p>Specific heat capacity includes the mass of the substance, while molar specific heat capacity includes the number of moles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a nuclear power plant?

    <p>To generate electricity from thermal energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correlation between wave frequency and wave period?

    <p>Wave frequency is inversely proportional to wave period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between transverse and longitudinal waves?

    <p>The direction of particle movement in relation to the wave direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wave can pass through the Earth's outer core?

    <p>Longitudinal wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of electromagnetic waves?

    <p>They do not need a medium to travel through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance between one part of a wave and the next similar part?

    <p>Wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of wave combines both longitudinal and transverse wave characteristics?

    <p>Rayleigh wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the highest point of a transverse wave?

    <p>Crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between mechanical and electromagnetic waves?

    <p>The need for a medium to travel through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the breakdown of sugar in cellular respiration?

    <p>Release of carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the energy released from the breakdown of sugar in cells?

    <p>To perform work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of periodic motion?

    <p>Back-and-forth motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the amplitude and energy of a wave?

    <p>The larger the amplitude, the higher the energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for wave speed?

    <p>v = f × λ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of temperature on the speed of sound?

    <p>Higher temperature results in faster speed of sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mechanical waves differ from electromagnetic waves?

    <p>Mechanical waves require a medium, while electromagnetic waves do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correlation between the frequency and wavelength of a wave?

    <p>The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Energy

    • Energy is neither created nor destroyed, only converted from one type to another
    • Gravitational potential energy is based on an object's height, calculated by GPE = mgh
    • Kinetic energy is greater for faster-moving objects, calculated by KE = 0.5mv²

    Power

    • Power is the rate of work done over time
    • Units of power include horsepower (Hp), Watts (W), and joules per second (J/s)
    • Mechanical power involves work done by a system over time, while electrical power involves energy transferred within a circuit

    Thermal Energy

    • Thermal energy is the energy of an object/system due to particle movement
    • Thermal energy is a type of kinetic energy that can do work
    • Thermal energy can be transferred through convection, conduction, and radiation

    Radiant Energy

    • Radiant energy is a type of energy that can travel through empty space
    • Radiant energy comes in the form of electromagnetic radiation and gravitational radiation
    • All radiant energy travels at the speed of light (~300,000,000 m/s in a vacuum)

    Chemical Energy

    • Chemical energy is the energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds
    • Chemical energy is a form of potential energy
    • Exothermic reactions release energy, while endothermic reactions absorb energy

    Nuclear Energy

    • Nuclear energy is released from the nucleus of atoms
    • Nuclear energy is released through fission reactions in power plants and fusion reactions in stars
    • Einstein's equation E = mc² shows that a small amount of mass can generate immense energy

    Heat and Temperature

    • Heat is a form of energy that can be transferred from one body to another
    • Temperature is the average kinetic energy of a substance
    • Heat capacity is the quantity of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one unit

    Phase Changes

    • Phase changes occur when energy is added or removed from a substance
    • Examples of phase changes include water freezing into ice, ice melting into water, and water boiling into water vapor
    • Boiling point can be affected by impurities and altitude

    Energy and Life

    • All living organisms require energy for survival and reproduction
    • Energy from the sun is transformed into usable forms for living organisms through photosynthesis
    • Cellular respiration is the process of generating ATP from the breakdown of sugar and oxygen

    Vibrations and Waves

    • Vibrations are repeated back-and-forth motions of particles
    • Waves are vibrations or disturbances that travel from one point to another
    • Waves transfer energy from one place to another without transporting matter or the medium itself

    Wave Characteristics

    • Waves have crests, troughs, amplitude, wavelength, and frequency
    • Amplitude is the maximum height of a wave from its equilibrium position
    • Wavelength is the distance between two successive identical points in a wave
    • Frequency is the number of waves that pass through a fixed point per second

    Energy

    • Energy is neither created nor destroyed, only converted from one type to another
    • Gravitational potential energy is based on an object's height, calculated by GPE = mgh
    • Kinetic energy is greater for faster-moving objects, calculated by KE = 0.5mv²

    Power

    • Power is the rate of work done over time
    • Units of power include horsepower (Hp), Watts (W), and joules per second (J/s)
    • Mechanical power involves work done by a system over time, while electrical power involves energy transferred within a circuit

    Thermal Energy

    • Thermal energy is the energy of an object/system due to particle movement
    • Thermal energy is a type of kinetic energy that can do work
    • Thermal energy can be transferred through convection, conduction, and radiation

    Radiant Energy

    • Radiant energy is a type of energy that can travel through empty space
    • Radiant energy comes in the form of electromagnetic radiation and gravitational radiation
    • All radiant energy travels at the speed of light (~300,000,000 m/s in a vacuum)

    Chemical Energy

    • Chemical energy is the energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds
    • Chemical energy is a form of potential energy
    • Exothermic reactions release energy, while endothermic reactions absorb energy

    Nuclear Energy

    • Nuclear energy is released from the nucleus of atoms
    • Nuclear energy is released through fission reactions in power plants and fusion reactions in stars
    • Einstein's equation E = mc² shows that a small amount of mass can generate immense energy

    Heat and Temperature

    • Heat is a form of energy that can be transferred from one body to another
    • Temperature is the average kinetic energy of a substance
    • Heat capacity is the quantity of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one unit

    Phase Changes

    • Phase changes occur when energy is added or removed from a substance
    • Examples of phase changes include water freezing into ice, ice melting into water, and water boiling into water vapor
    • Boiling point can be affected by impurities and altitude

    Energy and Life

    • All living organisms require energy for survival and reproduction
    • Energy from the sun is transformed into usable forms for living organisms through photosynthesis
    • Cellular respiration is the process of generating ATP from the breakdown of sugar and oxygen

    Vibrations and Waves

    • Vibrations are repeated back-and-forth motions of particles
    • Waves are vibrations or disturbances that travel from one point to another
    • Waves transfer energy from one place to another without transporting matter or the medium itself

    Wave Characteristics

    • Waves have crests, troughs, amplitude, wavelength, and frequency
    • Amplitude is the maximum height of a wave from its equilibrium position
    • Wavelength is the distance between two successive identical points in a wave
    • Frequency is the number of waves that pass through a fixed point per second

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    Understand the concept of conservation of energy and how it relates to gravitational potential energy. Learn to calculate GPE using the equation mgh.

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