RESPIRATORY part 1

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Which of the following is not a consequence of hypoxia ?

Angiogenesis

2,3-DPG production

Decrease in vascular resistance (correct)

Alkalosis

Which of these equations is true ?

Vital capacity= tidal volume- residual volume

Tidal volume= functional residual capacity + residual volume

Total lung capacity= vital capacity + residual volume (correct)

Residual volume= tidal volume + total lung capacity

Which of the following increases during pregnancy ?

Respiratory rate

Residual volume

Ventilation rate

Tidal volume (correct)

Which of the following is an accessory muscle in forced inspiration ?

Scalene Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an accessory muscle for forced expiration?

Transversus Abdominus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes oesophageal epithelium?

Stratified Squamous Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vaccine reduces the virulence of the pathogen?

Live attenuated Signup and view all the answers

Where does the maxillary sinus drain?

Floor of hiatus semilunaris Signup and view all the answers

Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain?

Inferior meatus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most superior of the paired laryngeal cartilages?

Cuneiform Signup and view all the answers

What pharyngeal arch are the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves derived from respectively?

4th and 6th Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the respiratory tree is the last place with cartilage?

Terminal bronchi Signup and view all the answers

At what vertebral level does the trachea split?

T4 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the Aorta and its interaction with the diaphragm?

Passes through at T12 with the cisterna chyli Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a border of the thoracic outlet?

Lateral border of 1st rib Signup and view all the answers

What is the root value of the phrenic nerve?

C3-C5 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding respiratory centres?

DRG of the medulla promotes inspiration. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium lines the alveolar sacs?

Simple squamous Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve pass under?

Right subclavian Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of live attenuated vaccines?

They are weakened through passage in cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunoglobulin is predominantly found in secretions?

IgA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mucociliary clearance mechanism?

To filter and remove pathogens and particulate matter from the airways Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the intercostal neurovascular bundle?

At the inferior edge of the rib Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Phrenic nerve Signup and view all the answers

What structure does the phrenic nerve pass around to reach the diaphragm?

Heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the nerve in the intercostal neurovascular bundle?

Between the vein and artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the internal IC and innermost IC in regards to the intercostal neurovascular bundle?

The bundle lies between them Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mechanisms contributes to the clearance of amniotic fluid from the lungs after birth?

Transport into pulmonary lymphatics Signup and view all the answers