RESPIRATORY part 1

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not a consequence of hypoxia ?

  • Angiogenesis
  • 2,3-DPG production
  • Decrease in vascular resistance (correct)
  • Alkalosis

Which of these equations is true ?

  • Vital capacity= tidal volume- residual volume
  • Tidal volume= functional residual capacity + residual volume
  • Total lung capacity= vital capacity + residual volume (correct)
  • Residual volume= tidal volume + total lung capacity

Which of the following increases during pregnancy ?

  • Respiratory rate
  • Residual volume
  • Ventilation rate
  • Tidal volume (correct)

Which of the following is an accessory muscle in forced inspiration ?

<p>Scalene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an accessory muscle for forced expiration?

<p>Transversus Abdominus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes oesophageal epithelium?

<p>Stratified Squamous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vaccine reduces the virulence of the pathogen?

<p>Live attenuated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the maxillary sinus drain?

<p>Floor of hiatus semilunaris (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain?

<p>Inferior meatus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most superior of the paired laryngeal cartilages?

<p>Cuneiform (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pharyngeal arch are the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves derived from respectively?

<p>4th and 6th (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the respiratory tree is the last place with cartilage?

<p>Terminal bronchi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what vertebral level does the trachea split?

<p>T4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the Aorta and its interaction with the diaphragm?

<p>Passes through at T12 with the cisterna chyli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a border of the thoracic outlet?

<p>Lateral border of 1st rib (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the root value of the phrenic nerve?

<p>C3-C5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding respiratory centres?

<p>DRG of the medulla promotes inspiration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium lines the alveolar sacs?

<p>Simple squamous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve pass under?

<p>Right subclavian (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of live attenuated vaccines?

<p>They are weakened through passage in cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunoglobulin is predominantly found in secretions?

<p>IgA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mucociliary clearance mechanism?

<p>To filter and remove pathogens and particulate matter from the airways (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the intercostal neurovascular bundle?

<p>At the inferior edge of the rib (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

<p>Phrenic nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure does the phrenic nerve pass around to reach the diaphragm?

<p>Heart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the nerve in the intercostal neurovascular bundle?

<p>Between the vein and artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the internal IC and innermost IC in regards to the intercostal neurovascular bundle?

<p>The bundle lies between them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mechanisms contributes to the clearance of amniotic fluid from the lungs after birth?

<p>Transport into pulmonary lymphatics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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