Connective Tissue Lecture
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic feature of mast cells under the light microscope?

  • Rounded to oval cells with central nucleus and many basophilic granules (correct)
  • Small rounded cells with many fat droplets
  • Small rounded cells with a signet ring appearance
  • Large oval cells filled with a single large droplet of fat

    • What is the function of heparin secreted by mast cells?

  • Supportive and heat insulation
  • Anticoagulation (correct)
  • Heat generation
  • Eosinophil chemotactic factor

    • What type of adipocytes are found in brown adipose tissue?

  • Leukocytes
  • Multi-locular adipocytes (correct)
  • Mast cells
  • Unilocular adipocytes

    • What is the site of mast cells?

    <p>Loose connective tissue around blood vessels and under epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of unilocular adipocytes?

    <p>Supportive and heat insulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the morphology of unilocular adipocytes under the light microscope?

    <p>Large oval cells filled with a single large droplet of fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are essential components of connective tissue?

    <p>Mesenchymal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of fibroblasts in connective tissue?

    <p>Formation of connective tissue fibers and ground substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of macrophages?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic shape of fibroblasts in the light microscope?

    <p>Elongated and branched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of macrophages in inflammation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of macrophages in the electron microscope?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of macrophages in the liver?

    <p>Kuffer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of plasma cells in the light microscope?

    <p>Oval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of connective tissue?

    <p>To maintain the shape of the body and connect cells and organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of connective tissue?

    <p>Mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of mesenchymal cells?

    <p>They have many thin cytoplasmic processes and an oval nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue develops from mesenchymal cells?

    <p>All types of connective tissue cells, blood cells, endothelial cells, and muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of connective tissue in exchanging nutrients and metabolites?

    <p>It acts as a medium for exchanging nutrients and metabolites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of resident cells in connective tissue?

    <p>They are long-lived and essential components of connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, blood, and lymphoid tissue?

    <p>They have special functions in addition to providing support and structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two categories of connective tissue cells?

    <p>Resident and migratory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Connective Tissue (C.T.)

    • Definition: Connective tissue connects, supports, and maintains the form of the body, and is derived from mesenchyme (an embryonic tissue).

    Origin of C.T.

    • Mesenchyme develops mainly from the middle layer of the embryo, the mesoderm.
    • Mesenchymal cells are elongated, have many thin cytoplasmic processes, oval nucleus, and fine chromatin, and migrate from their site of origin to the developing organs.

    Functions of C.T

    • Provides and maintains the shape of the body.
    • Connects, binds, and supports cells and organs.
    • Acts as an exchange medium for nutrients and metabolites.
    • Performs special functions for adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, blood, and lymphoid tissue.

    Structure of C.T

    • Consists of cells and extracellular matrix.

    Connective Tissue Cells

    • Can be classified into two distinct categories: Resident (fixed, intrinsic) cells and Wandering (free, migrant) cells.

    Resident (fixed, intrinsic) cells

    • Examples include:
      • Mesenchymal cells
      • Fibroblasts
      • Fat cells
      • Reticular cells
      • Pigment cells

    Wandering (free, migrant) cells

    • Examples include:
      • Plasma cells
      • Mast cells
      • Macrophages
      • Leukocytes

    Fibroblasts

    • Site: all types of CT
    • Light Microscopy (LM):
      • Elongated branched cells with many long processes
      • Spindle-shaped in side view
    • Function:
      • Formation of CT fiber and ground substances
      • Healing and repair of CT after injury

    Macrophages

    • Origin: Monocytes
    • Sites: Distributed throughout the body
    • Light Microscopy (LM): Special stains trypan blue or India ink
    • Electron Microscopy (EM):
      • Irregular surface with protrusions and indentations
      • Kidney-shaped nucleus
      • Well-developed Golgi complex
      • Prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum
      • Many lysosomes
    • Functions:
      • Phagocytosis
      • Production of cytokines, chemotactic factors that participate in inflammation (defense)
      • Antigen processing and presentation
      • May fuse to form multinuclear giant cells

    Plasma Cells

    • Site: Lymphatic tissue
    • Light Microscopy (LM):
      • Oval cell
      • Eccentric nucleus
      • Deeply basophilic cytoplasm (excess rER) showing negative Golgi image
    • Function: Antibody production

    Mast Cells

    • Site: Loose CT around BV, under epithelium of GIT and respiratory system
    • Light Microscopy (LM):
      • Rounded to oval cells
      • Central nucleus
      • Many basophilic granules filling cytoplasm stained metachromatically with Toluidine blue
    • Function: Secretion of:
      • Heparin
      • Histamine
      • Eosinophil chemotactic factor

    Adipose (Fat) Cells

    • There are two types: Uni-locular adipocyte and Multi-locular adipocyte
    • Both originate from mesenchymal precursors called lipoblasts

    Uni-locular Adipocytes

    • Site: White adipose CT
    • Light Microscopy (LM):
      • Large oval cell filled with a single large droplet of fat
      • Fat occupies most of the cell volume, compressing cytoplasm into a thin rim and pushing the nucleus to one side, resulting in a signet ring appearance
    • Function: Supportive and heat insulation

    Multi-locular Adipocytes

    • Site: Brown adipose CT
    • Light Microscopy (LM):
      • Small rounded cells with many small fat droplets and central rounded nucleus
      • Numerous mitochondria
    • Function: Heat generation

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    Description

    This lecture covers the definition, structure, and function of connective tissue, as well as its types and cells. Learn about the role of connective tissue in the human body.

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