Congestive Heart Failure Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of a left to right shunt in the heart?

  • Efficient system
  • Increased oxygenation of blood
  • Increased volume in the pulmonary circulation (correct)
  • Increased cardiac output

    • What happens in a right to left shunt in the heart?

  • Decreased volume in the pulmonary circulation
  • Increased oxygenation of blood
  • Oxygenated blood goes to the lungs first
  • Deoxygenated blood bypasses the lungs directly (correct)

    • What is the main characteristic of Cyanotic conditions?

  • Elevated cardiac output
  • Skin pallor
  • Increased oxygenation of blood
  • Mixing of venous blood with arterial blood (correct)

    • What is the primary effect of a sympathetic response in congenital heart defects?

    <p>Increase in heart rate and force of contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign of large congenital heart defects?

    <p>Intolerance for exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compensatory mechanism occurs with chronic hypoxia?

    <p>Secondary polycythemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some symptoms associated with congenital heart defects?

    <p>Delayed growth and development and a squatting position only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cardiomegaly' is a term used to describe:

    <p><strong>Enlarged heart</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Tetralogy of Fallot' is associated with:

    <p><strong>Clubbed fingers</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main impact of decreased cardiac output or stroke volume due to heart muscle damage?

    <p>Decreased blood flow to tissues and organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the left ventricle cannot pump all its blood into the systemic circulation?

    <p>Congestion in the systemic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does pulmonary edema occur in left sided congestive heart failure?

    <p>Increased volume of blood returning from the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of right sided congestive heart failure?

    <p>Digestive disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does cor pulmonale occur in right sided congestive heart failure?

    <p>Damage to lung capillaries leading to increased pulmonary resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does essential hypertension contribute to congestive heart failure?

    <p>Requires left ventricle to contract with more force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure as the condition progresses?

    <p>'Backup' effects related to pulmonary and systemic congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea' is associated with what type of congestive heart failure?

    <p>'Left sided'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Ascites' is a condition characterized by what symptom related to congestive heart failure?

    <p>'Fluid in peritoneal cavity leads to marked abdominal distension'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'coronary artery disease' considered as per the text?

    <p>Leading cause of congestive heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Congestive Heart Failure?

    <p>Inability to pump sufficient blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side of the heart usually fails first in Congestive Heart Failure?

    <p>Left side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism often aggravates Congestive Heart Failure instead of helping?

    <p>Vasoconstriction and increased preload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increased renin and aldosterone secretion have in Congestive Heart Failure?

    <p>Vasoconstriction and increased preload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the chambers of the heart in Congestive Heart Failure?

    <p>They tend to enlarge (dilate)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition would affect the right ventricle first in Congestive Heart Failure?

    <p>Pulmonary valve stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) impact the heart in Congestive Heart Failure?

    <p>Increases heart rate and peripheral resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of increased workload on the heart due to vasoconstriction?

    <p>Increased preload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common cause of Congestive Heart Failure related to hypertension?

    <p>Increased demands on the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does increased renin and aldosterone secretion contribute to worsening Congestive Heart Failure?

    <p>Increased vasoconstriction and preload</p> Signup and view all the answers

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