29 Questions
What is the result of a left to right shunt in the heart?
Increased volume in the pulmonary circulation
What happens in a right to left shunt in the heart?
Deoxygenated blood bypasses the lungs directly
What is the main characteristic of Cyanotic conditions?
Mixing of venous blood with arterial blood
What is the primary effect of a sympathetic response in congenital heart defects?
Increase in heart rate and force of contraction
What is a common sign of large congenital heart defects?
Intolerance for exercise
Which compensatory mechanism occurs with chronic hypoxia?
Secondary polycythemia
What are some symptoms associated with congenital heart defects?
Delayed growth and development and a squatting position only
'Cardiomegaly' is a term used to describe:
Enlarged heart
'Tetralogy of Fallot' is associated with:
Clubbed fingers
What is the main impact of decreased cardiac output or stroke volume due to heart muscle damage?
Decreased blood flow to tissues and organs
What occurs when the left ventricle cannot pump all its blood into the systemic circulation?
Congestion in the systemic circulation
Why does pulmonary edema occur in left sided congestive heart failure?
Increased volume of blood returning from the lungs
What is a common symptom of right sided congestive heart failure?
Digestive disturbance
Why does cor pulmonale occur in right sided congestive heart failure?
Damage to lung capillaries leading to increased pulmonary resistance
How does essential hypertension contribute to congestive heart failure?
Requires left ventricle to contract with more force
What are some common signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure as the condition progresses?
'Backup' effects related to pulmonary and systemic congestion
'Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea' is associated with what type of congestive heart failure?
'Left sided'
'Ascites' is a condition characterized by what symptom related to congestive heart failure?
'Fluid in peritoneal cavity leads to marked abdominal distension'
What is 'coronary artery disease' considered as per the text?
Leading cause of congestive heart failure
What is the primary characteristic of Congestive Heart Failure?
Inability to pump sufficient blood
Which side of the heart usually fails first in Congestive Heart Failure?
Left side
What mechanism often aggravates Congestive Heart Failure instead of helping?
Vasoconstriction and increased preload
What effect does increased renin and aldosterone secretion have in Congestive Heart Failure?
Vasoconstriction and increased preload
What happens to the chambers of the heart in Congestive Heart Failure?
They tend to enlarge (dilate)
Which condition would affect the right ventricle first in Congestive Heart Failure?
Pulmonary valve stenosis
How does the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) impact the heart in Congestive Heart Failure?
Increases heart rate and peripheral resistance
What is the consequence of increased workload on the heart due to vasoconstriction?
Increased preload
What is one common cause of Congestive Heart Failure related to hypertension?
Increased demands on the heart
How does increased renin and aldosterone secretion contribute to worsening Congestive Heart Failure?
Increased vasoconstriction and preload
Learn about the condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Understand the causes, symptoms, and potential complications of congestive heart failure.
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