Congestive Heart Failure Overview

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What is the result of a left to right shunt in the heart?

Efficient system
Increased oxygenation of blood
Increased volume in the pulmonary circulation (correct)
Increased cardiac output

What happens in a right to left shunt in the heart?

Decreased volume in the pulmonary circulation
Increased oxygenation of blood
Oxygenated blood goes to the lungs first
Deoxygenated blood bypasses the lungs directly (correct)

What is the main characteristic of Cyanotic conditions?

Elevated cardiac output
Skin pallor
Increased oxygenation of blood
Mixing of venous blood with arterial blood (correct)

What is the primary effect of a sympathetic response in congenital heart defects?

Increase in heart rate and force of contraction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of large congenital heart defects?

Intolerance for exercise (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which compensatory mechanism occurs with chronic hypoxia?

Secondary polycythemia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are some symptoms associated with congenital heart defects?

Delayed growth and development and a squatting position only (D) Signup and view all the answers

'Cardiomegaly' is a term used to describe:

Enlarged heart (A) Signup and view all the answers

'Tetralogy of Fallot' is associated with:

Clubbed fingers (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main impact of decreased cardiac output or stroke volume due to heart muscle damage?

Decreased blood flow to tissues and organs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the left ventricle cannot pump all its blood into the systemic circulation?

Congestion in the systemic circulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why does pulmonary edema occur in left sided congestive heart failure?

Increased volume of blood returning from the lungs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of right sided congestive heart failure?

Digestive disturbance (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why does cor pulmonale occur in right sided congestive heart failure?

Damage to lung capillaries leading to increased pulmonary resistance (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does essential hypertension contribute to congestive heart failure?

Requires left ventricle to contract with more force (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are some common signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure as the condition progresses?

'Backup' effects related to pulmonary and systemic congestion (B) Signup and view all the answers

'Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea' is associated with what type of congestive heart failure?

'Left sided' (A) Signup and view all the answers

'Ascites' is a condition characterized by what symptom related to congestive heart failure?

'Fluid in peritoneal cavity leads to marked abdominal distension' (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is 'coronary artery disease' considered as per the text?

Leading cause of congestive heart failure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Congestive Heart Failure?

Inability to pump sufficient blood (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which side of the heart usually fails first in Congestive Heart Failure?

Left side (B) Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism often aggravates Congestive Heart Failure instead of helping?

Vasoconstriction and increased preload (D) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increased renin and aldosterone secretion have in Congestive Heart Failure?

Vasoconstriction and increased preload (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the chambers of the heart in Congestive Heart Failure?

They tend to enlarge (dilate) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition would affect the right ventricle first in Congestive Heart Failure?

Pulmonary valve stenosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) impact the heart in Congestive Heart Failure?

Increases heart rate and peripheral resistance (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of increased workload on the heart due to vasoconstriction?

Increased preload (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one common cause of Congestive Heart Failure related to hypertension?

Increased demands on the heart (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does increased renin and aldosterone secretion contribute to worsening Congestive Heart Failure?

Increased vasoconstriction and preload (C) Signup and view all the answers