Congenital Skeletal Disorders Quiz
40 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary concern associated with a cervical rib?

  • It results in increased bone density.
  • It causes inflammation in the shoulder joint.
  • It may compress the brachial nerve plexus. (correct)
  • It can lead to scoliosis.
  • Which condition is commonly referred to as 'brittle bone' disease?

  • Osteogenesis Imperfecta (correct)
  • Paget’s Disease
  • Osteomalacia
  • Osteoporosis
  • Which age group is most commonly affected by Osgood-Schlatter disease?

  • Ages 5 to 9
  • Ages 17 to 20
  • Ages 21 to 30
  • Ages 10 to 16 (correct)
  • What is a significant result of insufficient type I collagen in osteogenesis imperfecta?

    <p>Decreased number of osteocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition involves the inflammation of the tibial tuberosity?

    <p>Osgood-Schlatter disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common radiographic appearance of a butterfly vertebra?

    <p>A butterfly shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a possible consequence of a butterfly vertebra?

    <p>Instability or alteration of spinal canal shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about a cervical rib?

    <p>It appears in approximately 0.05% of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main issue in patients with osteopetrosis?

    <p>Insufficient bone destruction resulting in dense bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common diagnostic method is used to assess bone mineral density in patients suspected of having osteoporosis?

    <p>Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by the formation of abscesses in the bone due to bacterial infection?

    <p>Osteomyelitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of osteomalacia?

    <p>Inadequate exposure to sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients with osteopetrosis are most likely to experience which of the following fractures?

    <p>Compression fractures of the vertebral bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The condition often referred to as 'marble bone disease' is known as what?

    <p>Osteopetrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature associated with rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Involvement of joints and surrounding tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying issue leads to the increase in risk of fractures in patients with osteopetrosis?

    <p>Brittle bones despite high density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

    <p>Morning stiffness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following joints is commonly affected first in ankylosing spondylitis?

    <p>Sacroiliac joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common radiographic feature associated with ankylosing spondylitis?

    <p>Bamboo spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is significantly increased in the body of patients suffering from gout?

    <p>Uric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does osteoarthritis primarily affect joint cartilage?

    <p>Results in natural loss of cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of arthritis is Paget’s disease most closely associated with?

    <p>Bone remodeling disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is common among osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients?

    <p>Steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major characteristic distinguishes gout from other types of arthritis?

    <p>Uric acid crystal deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of osteochondromas in terms of appearance?

    <p>Mushroom or cauliflower-like appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary malignant bone tumor with marked osteoporosis and 'punched-out' osteolytic lesions?

    <p>Multiple myeloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment approach is primarily used for multiple myeloma due to its incurability?

    <p>Chemotherapy and stem cell treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what ages is osteosarcoma most commonly found?

    <p>10 to 25 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone tumor is known for having a moth-eaten radiographic appearance?

    <p>Fibrosarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary bone cancer mostly originates from which of the following?

    <p>Cancers from organs like the prostate and breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents approximately 10% of all malignant skeletal cancers?

    <p>Chondrosarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiographic appearance can secondary bone cancer possess?

    <p>Osteolytic or osteoblastic appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary imaging modality used for diagnosing Avascular Necrosis (AVN)?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of spondylolisthesis?

    <p>Narrowing of the vertebral canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by 'spotted bones' and small radiopaque densities?

    <p>Osteopoikilosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of bone pain and deformity in patients with Avascular Necrosis (AVN)?

    <p>Bone ischemia followed by inflammation and necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of osteolytic bone tumors?

    <p>Decrease in bone density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about spondylosis is true?

    <p>It causes a cleft at the pars interarticularis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are enchondromas most often located?

    <p>Hands, feet, and ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of bone cysts?

    <p>They are expansile and filled with fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Butterfly Vertebra

    • A congenital defect in the vertebrae that appears like a butterfly on an x-ray.
    • Often harmless, but may cause spinal instability or shape changes.

    Cervical Rib

    • An extra rib attached to the 7th cervical vertebra (C7).
    • Occurs in approximately 0.05% of the population and is usually unilateral.
    • Can compress the brachial plexus or subclavian artery, requiring surgical removal.

    Osgood-Schlatter's Disease

    • Common cause of knee pain in young athletes, especially boys aged 10-16.
    • Inflammation of the tibial tuberosity, often caused by exercise.
    • Treatment usually involves rest.

    Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)

    • Rare congenital bone disorder characterized by easily broken bones.
    • Known as "brittle bone" disease.
    • Caused by a deficiency in type I collagen, resulting in osteopenia.
    • Can lead to multiple fractures, even in the womb.
    • Infants with severe cases may be stillborn or die shortly after birth.

    Osteopetrosis

    • Disorder of endochondral ossification, opposite of osteoporosis.
    • Bones are hard and dense, also known as "marble bone" disease.
    • Bones are also brittle, despite their density.
    • Can be fatal at birth or asymptomatic into adulthood.
    • No definitive treatment currently exists.

    Osteoporosis

    • Reduced bone mass, increasing the susceptibility to fractures.
    • Caused by imbalance between bone destruction and growth.
    • Major factors include aging and postmenopausal hormone changes.
    • Other causes include steroid use, osteogenesis imperfecta, multiple myeloma, and inactivity.
    • Common fractures include hip fractures, vertebral compression fractures, and Colles' fracture of the wrist.
    • Diagnosed using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan.

    Osteomalacia

    • Softening of bones due to insufficient mineralization.
    • Can cause bone "bowing" and greenstick fractures.
    • Caused by decreased vitamin D or calcium absorption.
    • Can also be caused by insufficient vitamin D intake or lack of sunlight exposure in children.
    • Also known as rickets.

    Osteomyelitis

    • Bacterial bone infection causing bone destruction and abscess formation.
    • Characterized by Brodie's abscess (typically in the tibia) and sequestrum formation ("bone-in-bone" formation).
    • Can be acute or chronic, treated with prolonged antibiotic therapy.

    Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

    • Affects joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels.
    • Starts as inflammation of synovial membranes lining joints.
    • Thickened tissue (pannus) erodes articular cartilage, leading to fibrous scarring and joint "freezing" (ankylosis).
    • Causes crippling deformities, progressing from extremities to the trunk.
    • Can relapse but may have intermittent flare-ups.
    • Affects women three times more often than men.
    • Symptoms include morning stiffness, pain, and ulnar deviation of the fingers.
    • Treatment involves steroids for inflammation and analgesics for pain.

    Ankylosing Spondylitis

    • Chronic, degenerative arthritis starting in the sacroiliac (SI) joints and spreading to the spine.
    • Characterized by osteoporosis and fusion of SI joints and vertebral bodies.
    • Known as "bamboo spine" disease due to its distinctive radiographic appearance.
    • Treated with steroids for inflammation and analgesics for pain.

    Gout

    • Disorder of purine metabolism, leading to increased uric acid production.
    • Excess uric acid deposits in blood, kidneys, and joints.
    • Joint deposits form crystals, causing painful inflammatory reactions.
    • Primarily affects feet, especially the great toe, but can also affect hands and knees.

    Osteoarthritis

    • Most common degenerative joint disease.
    • Natural loss of joint cartilage, related to but not caused by aging.
    • Lost cartilage is replaced by bone spurs, leading to painful inflammation.
    • Affects various joints, including hands, wrists, hips, and spine.
    • Symptoms include joint stiffness and pain that worsens with activity.
    • Affected by weather and obesity.
    • Treatment includes steroids for inflammation, analgesics for pain, and joint replacement surgery.

    Paget's Disease

    • Also known as osteitis deformans.
    • Abnormal cycle of bone destruction followed by excessive bone growth and thickening.
    • Commonly seen in pelvis, lumbar spine, and skull.
    • Symptoms include bone pain, deformity, arthritis, and fractures.

    Avascular Necrosis (AVN)

    • Bone ischemia followed by bone inflammation and necrosis.
    • Can occur with navicular fractures, but most common in femoral head, knee, and shoulder.
    • Femoral head AVN often treated with total hip replacement.
    • Causes include excessive steroid use, trauma, and alcoholism.
    • MRI is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosis.

    Spondylosis

    • Cleft between the superior and inferior articulating processes at the pars interarticularis.
    • Usually bilateral, resulting in loss of neural arch continuity.
    • Commonly found between L5 and S1.

    Spondylolisthesis

    • Secondary to spondylosis.
    • Forward movement (subluxation) of one vertebral body on the one below it.
    • Narrowing of the vertebral canal, impinging on nerve roots.
    • Four grades (I, II, III, IV).
    • Possible to have spondylosis without spondylolisthesis.
    • Treatment includes back support/braces and surgery.

    Osteopoikilosis

    • Osteosclerotic bone dysplasia, meaning "spotted bones".
    • Produces small radiopaque densities called bone islands.
    • Etiology unknown and usually asymptomatic.
    • Bone lesions resembling osteopoikilosis can be seen in various conditions.

    Bone Cysts

    • Common, benign, expansile, radiolucent lesions filled with fluid.
    • More prevalent in males than females, etiology unknown.
    • May cause pain or pathologic fractures depending on location.
    • Otherwise, they are harmless.

    Bone Tumors

    • Divided into two main categories:
      • Osteolytic: Decrease in bone density, radiolucent on x-ray.
      • Osteoblastic: Increase in bone density, opaque on x-ray.

    Enchondroma

    • Benign cartilaginous lesion found in bone marrow.
    • Most common in young adults.
    • Located in hands, feet, and ribs.
    • Presents with a radiolucent "cystic" appearance with calcium deposits.

    Osteochondroma

    • Benign bone projection with a cartilaginous cap.
    • Found in the metaphysis of long bones, ribs, and pelvis.
    • Produces a mushroom or cauliflower radiographic appearance, often referred to as a bone spur.

    Multiple Myeloma

    • Most common primary malignant bone tumor.
    • Increase in plasma cells within bone marrow.
    • Characterized by:
      • Multicentric osteolytic lesions.
      • Bence-Jones proteins in urine.
      • Marked osteoporosis with vertebral compression fractures.
    • No cure, treatment focuses on suppression and containment.
    • Remission can be induced with chemotherapy, stem cell treatment, and steroids.

    Osteosarcoma

    • Second most common malignant bone tumor.
    • Osteoblastic lesion that can extend into surrounding soft tissues.
    • Primarily affects ages 10-25, with 50% of cases occurring around the knee.
    • Commonly metastasizes to the lungs, with a poor prognosis.

    Chondrosarcoma

    • Expansile, osteolytic, primary bone tumor.
    • Represents approximately 10% of malignant skeletal cancers.

    Fibrosarcoma

    • Osteolytic, malignant cancer of the skeletal system, often with a moth-eaten appearance on x-ray.
    • Primary cancer affecting the knee and pelvis.

    Secondary Bone Cancer

    • Most common type of bone malignancy.
    • Cancers originating from the prostate gland, breast, thyroid gland, colon, and kidneys often metastasize to the skeletal system.
    • Common sites for metastasis include long bones, ribs, and spine.
    • Can have either an osteolytic or osteoblastic radiographic appearance.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Skeletal System PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on various congenital skeletal disorders including Butterfly Vertebra, Cervical Rib, Osgood-Schlatter's Disease, Osteogenesis Imperfecta, and Osteopetrosis. This quiz covers definitions, symptoms, and treatments related to these conditions. Perfect for students in anatomy or healthcare fields.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser