Congenital Skeletal Disorders Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary concern associated with a cervical rib?

  • It results in increased bone density.
  • It causes inflammation in the shoulder joint.
  • It may compress the brachial nerve plexus. (correct)
  • It can lead to scoliosis.

    • Which condition is commonly referred to as 'brittle bone' disease?

  • Osteogenesis Imperfecta (correct)
  • Paget’s Disease
  • Osteomalacia
  • Osteoporosis

    • Which age group is most commonly affected by Osgood-Schlatter disease?

  • Ages 5 to 9
  • Ages 17 to 20
  • Ages 21 to 30
  • Ages 10 to 16 (correct)

    • What is a significant result of insufficient type I collagen in osteogenesis imperfecta?

    <p>Decreased number of osteocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition involves the inflammation of the tibial tuberosity?

    <p>Osgood-Schlatter disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common radiographic appearance of a butterfly vertebra?

    <p>A butterfly shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a possible consequence of a butterfly vertebra?

    <p>Instability or alteration of spinal canal shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about a cervical rib?

    <p>It appears in approximately 0.05% of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main issue in patients with osteopetrosis?

    <p>Insufficient bone destruction resulting in dense bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common diagnostic method is used to assess bone mineral density in patients suspected of having osteoporosis?

    <p>Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by the formation of abscesses in the bone due to bacterial infection?

    <p>Osteomyelitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of osteomalacia?

    <p>Inadequate exposure to sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients with osteopetrosis are most likely to experience which of the following fractures?

    <p>Compression fractures of the vertebral bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The condition often referred to as 'marble bone disease' is known as what?

    <p>Osteopetrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature associated with rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Involvement of joints and surrounding tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying issue leads to the increase in risk of fractures in patients with osteopetrosis?

    <p>Brittle bones despite high density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

    <p>Morning stiffness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following joints is commonly affected first in ankylosing spondylitis?

    <p>Sacroiliac joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common radiographic feature associated with ankylosing spondylitis?

    <p>Bamboo spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is significantly increased in the body of patients suffering from gout?

    <p>Uric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does osteoarthritis primarily affect joint cartilage?

    <p>Results in natural loss of cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of arthritis is Paget’s disease most closely associated with?

    <p>Bone remodeling disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is common among osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients?

    <p>Steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major characteristic distinguishes gout from other types of arthritis?

    <p>Uric acid crystal deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of osteochondromas in terms of appearance?

    <p>Mushroom or cauliflower-like appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary malignant bone tumor with marked osteoporosis and 'punched-out' osteolytic lesions?

    <p>Multiple myeloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment approach is primarily used for multiple myeloma due to its incurability?

    <p>Chemotherapy and stem cell treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what ages is osteosarcoma most commonly found?

    <p>10 to 25 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone tumor is known for having a moth-eaten radiographic appearance?

    <p>Fibrosarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary bone cancer mostly originates from which of the following?

    <p>Cancers from organs like the prostate and breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents approximately 10% of all malignant skeletal cancers?

    <p>Chondrosarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiographic appearance can secondary bone cancer possess?

    <p>Osteolytic or osteoblastic appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary imaging modality used for diagnosing Avascular Necrosis (AVN)?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of spondylolisthesis?

    <p>Narrowing of the vertebral canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by 'spotted bones' and small radiopaque densities?

    <p>Osteopoikilosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of bone pain and deformity in patients with Avascular Necrosis (AVN)?

    <p>Bone ischemia followed by inflammation and necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of osteolytic bone tumors?

    <p>Decrease in bone density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about spondylosis is true?

    <p>It causes a cleft at the pars interarticularis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are enchondromas most often located?

    <p>Hands, feet, and ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of bone cysts?

    <p>They are expansile and filled with fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Butterfly Vertebra

    • A congenital defect in the vertebrae that appears like a butterfly on an x-ray.
    • Often harmless, but may cause spinal instability or shape changes.

    Cervical Rib

    • An extra rib attached to the 7th cervical vertebra (C7).
    • Occurs in approximately 0.05% of the population and is usually unilateral.
    • Can compress the brachial plexus or subclavian artery, requiring surgical removal.

    Osgood-Schlatter's Disease

    • Common cause of knee pain in young athletes, especially boys aged 10-16.
    • Inflammation of the tibial tuberosity, often caused by exercise.
    • Treatment usually involves rest.

    Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)

    • Rare congenital bone disorder characterized by easily broken bones.
    • Known as "brittle bone" disease.
    • Caused by a deficiency in type I collagen, resulting in osteopenia.
    • Can lead to multiple fractures, even in the womb.
    • Infants with severe cases may be stillborn or die shortly after birth.

    Osteopetrosis

    • Disorder of endochondral ossification, opposite of osteoporosis.
    • Bones are hard and dense, also known as "marble bone" disease.
    • Bones are also brittle, despite their density.
    • Can be fatal at birth or asymptomatic into adulthood.
    • No definitive treatment currently exists.

    Osteoporosis

    • Reduced bone mass, increasing the susceptibility to fractures.
    • Caused by imbalance between bone destruction and growth.
    • Major factors include aging and postmenopausal hormone changes.
    • Other causes include steroid use, osteogenesis imperfecta, multiple myeloma, and inactivity.
    • Common fractures include hip fractures, vertebral compression fractures, and Colles' fracture of the wrist.
    • Diagnosed using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan.

    Osteomalacia

    • Softening of bones due to insufficient mineralization.
    • Can cause bone "bowing" and greenstick fractures.
    • Caused by decreased vitamin D or calcium absorption.
    • Can also be caused by insufficient vitamin D intake or lack of sunlight exposure in children.
    • Also known as rickets.

    Osteomyelitis

    • Bacterial bone infection causing bone destruction and abscess formation.
    • Characterized by Brodie's abscess (typically in the tibia) and sequestrum formation ("bone-in-bone" formation).
    • Can be acute or chronic, treated with prolonged antibiotic therapy.

    Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

    • Affects joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels.
    • Starts as inflammation of synovial membranes lining joints.
    • Thickened tissue (pannus) erodes articular cartilage, leading to fibrous scarring and joint "freezing" (ankylosis).
    • Causes crippling deformities, progressing from extremities to the trunk.
    • Can relapse but may have intermittent flare-ups.
    • Affects women three times more often than men.
    • Symptoms include morning stiffness, pain, and ulnar deviation of the fingers.
    • Treatment involves steroids for inflammation and analgesics for pain.

    Ankylosing Spondylitis

    • Chronic, degenerative arthritis starting in the sacroiliac (SI) joints and spreading to the spine.
    • Characterized by osteoporosis and fusion of SI joints and vertebral bodies.
    • Known as "bamboo spine" disease due to its distinctive radiographic appearance.
    • Treated with steroids for inflammation and analgesics for pain.

    Gout

    • Disorder of purine metabolism, leading to increased uric acid production.
    • Excess uric acid deposits in blood, kidneys, and joints.
    • Joint deposits form crystals, causing painful inflammatory reactions.
    • Primarily affects feet, especially the great toe, but can also affect hands and knees.

    Osteoarthritis

    • Most common degenerative joint disease.
    • Natural loss of joint cartilage, related to but not caused by aging.
    • Lost cartilage is replaced by bone spurs, leading to painful inflammation.
    • Affects various joints, including hands, wrists, hips, and spine.
    • Symptoms include joint stiffness and pain that worsens with activity.
    • Affected by weather and obesity.
    • Treatment includes steroids for inflammation, analgesics for pain, and joint replacement surgery.

    Paget's Disease

    • Also known as osteitis deformans.
    • Abnormal cycle of bone destruction followed by excessive bone growth and thickening.
    • Commonly seen in pelvis, lumbar spine, and skull.
    • Symptoms include bone pain, deformity, arthritis, and fractures.

    Avascular Necrosis (AVN)

    • Bone ischemia followed by bone inflammation and necrosis.
    • Can occur with navicular fractures, but most common in femoral head, knee, and shoulder.
    • Femoral head AVN often treated with total hip replacement.
    • Causes include excessive steroid use, trauma, and alcoholism.
    • MRI is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosis.

    Spondylosis

    • Cleft between the superior and inferior articulating processes at the pars interarticularis.
    • Usually bilateral, resulting in loss of neural arch continuity.
    • Commonly found between L5 and S1.

    Spondylolisthesis

    • Secondary to spondylosis.
    • Forward movement (subluxation) of one vertebral body on the one below it.
    • Narrowing of the vertebral canal, impinging on nerve roots.
    • Four grades (I, II, III, IV).
    • Possible to have spondylosis without spondylolisthesis.
    • Treatment includes back support/braces and surgery.

    Osteopoikilosis

    • Osteosclerotic bone dysplasia, meaning "spotted bones".
    • Produces small radiopaque densities called bone islands.
    • Etiology unknown and usually asymptomatic.
    • Bone lesions resembling osteopoikilosis can be seen in various conditions.

    Bone Cysts

    • Common, benign, expansile, radiolucent lesions filled with fluid.
    • More prevalent in males than females, etiology unknown.
    • May cause pain or pathologic fractures depending on location.
    • Otherwise, they are harmless.

    Bone Tumors

    • Divided into two main categories:
      • Osteolytic: Decrease in bone density, radiolucent on x-ray.
      • Osteoblastic: Increase in bone density, opaque on x-ray.

    Enchondroma

    • Benign cartilaginous lesion found in bone marrow.
    • Most common in young adults.
    • Located in hands, feet, and ribs.
    • Presents with a radiolucent "cystic" appearance with calcium deposits.

    Osteochondroma

    • Benign bone projection with a cartilaginous cap.
    • Found in the metaphysis of long bones, ribs, and pelvis.
    • Produces a mushroom or cauliflower radiographic appearance, often referred to as a bone spur.

    Multiple Myeloma

    • Most common primary malignant bone tumor.
    • Increase in plasma cells within bone marrow.
    • Characterized by:
      • Multicentric osteolytic lesions.
      • Bence-Jones proteins in urine.
      • Marked osteoporosis with vertebral compression fractures.
    • No cure, treatment focuses on suppression and containment.
    • Remission can be induced with chemotherapy, stem cell treatment, and steroids.

    Osteosarcoma

    • Second most common malignant bone tumor.
    • Osteoblastic lesion that can extend into surrounding soft tissues.
    • Primarily affects ages 10-25, with 50% of cases occurring around the knee.
    • Commonly metastasizes to the lungs, with a poor prognosis.

    Chondrosarcoma

    • Expansile, osteolytic, primary bone tumor.
    • Represents approximately 10% of malignant skeletal cancers.

    Fibrosarcoma

    • Osteolytic, malignant cancer of the skeletal system, often with a moth-eaten appearance on x-ray.
    • Primary cancer affecting the knee and pelvis.

    Secondary Bone Cancer

    • Most common type of bone malignancy.
    • Cancers originating from the prostate gland, breast, thyroid gland, colon, and kidneys often metastasize to the skeletal system.
    • Common sites for metastasis include long bones, ribs, and spine.
    • Can have either an osteolytic or osteoblastic radiographic appearance.

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    Skeletal System PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on various congenital skeletal disorders including Butterfly Vertebra, Cervical Rib, Osgood-Schlatter's Disease, Osteogenesis Imperfecta, and Osteopetrosis. This quiz covers definitions, symptoms, and treatments related to these conditions. Perfect for students in anatomy or healthcare fields.

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