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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of horseshoe kidney?
What is the primary characteristic of horseshoe kidney?
Which condition is incompatible with life due to its associated features?
Which condition is incompatible with life due to its associated features?
Which factor is characteristic of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease?
Which factor is characteristic of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease?
What is the primary cause of hypertension in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?
What is the primary cause of hypertension in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?
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Which feature distinguishes medullary cystic kidney disease from other renal conditions?
Which feature distinguishes medullary cystic kidney disease from other renal conditions?
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Study Notes
Congenital Kidney Conditions
- Horseshoe Kidney: Two kidneys fused together, typically at the lower pole. Common congenital anomaly. Kidney positioned lower in the abdomen.
- Renal Agenesis: Absence of one or both kidneys. Unilateral agenesis leads to the other kidney enlarging. Bilateral absence is incompatible with life, causing developmental problems in the extremities and lungs.
- Dysplastic Kidney: Malformed kidneys. Often unilateral (one kidney affected). Characterized by cysts and abnormal tissue. If bilateral, must be differentiated from inherited polycystic kidney disease.
- Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): Inherited condition causing bilateral kidney enlargement with cysts. Autosomal recessive PKD affects infants, leading to worsening renal failure, hypertension. Also associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis and hepatic cysts. Autosomal dominant PKD affects young adults, involving hypertension, hematuria, and worsening renal failure; associated with cysts developing over time and connected to other conditions like berry aneurysms, hepatic cysts, and mitral valve prolapse.
Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease
- Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease: Inherited condition, autosomal dominant. Cysts in the medullary collecting ducts. Kidney tissue damage (fibrosis) leads to shrunken kidneys and worse kidney function.
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Description
Explore various congenital kidney conditions such as Horseshoe Kidney, Renal Agenesis, Dysplastic Kidney, and Polycystic Kidney Disease. This quiz covers their characteristics, implications, and physiological effects. Test your knowledge on these important medical topics related to renal development.
