Podcast
Questions and Answers
The failure of kidneys to rotate during development results in fusion of the upper poles.
The failure of kidneys to rotate during development results in fusion of the upper poles.
False
Horseshoe kidney is usually located higher than normal.
Horseshoe kidney is usually located higher than normal.
False
According to the text, the incidence of horseshoe kidney is 0.01 - 0.1%.
According to the text, the incidence of horseshoe kidney is 0.01 - 0.1%.
True
The optional reading for this topic is 'Sonographic Features of Horseshoe Kidney: Review of 34 Patients' by S. Strauss et al.
The optional reading for this topic is 'Sonographic Features of Horseshoe Kidney: Review of 34 Patients' by S. Strauss et al.
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Ultrasound technique SAGITTAL allows for length measurement and direct comparison of cortex to liver/spleen
Ultrasound technique SAGITTAL allows for length measurement and direct comparison of cortex to liver/spleen
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Ultrasound technique TRANSVERSE uses the same window as sagittal or coronal and provides an axial view of the collecting system
Ultrasound technique TRANSVERSE uses the same window as sagittal or coronal and provides an axial view of the collecting system
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Ultrasound technique SAGITTAL PRONE, predominantly used in pediatrics, offers an alternative lower pole acoustic window
Ultrasound technique SAGITTAL PRONE, predominantly used in pediatrics, offers an alternative lower pole acoustic window
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Scanning technique for the right kidney involves using the liver as an acoustic window and variable respiration instructions
Scanning technique for the right kidney involves using the liver as an acoustic window and variable respiration instructions
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Scanning technique for the left kidney may involve using the spleen as an acoustic window
Scanning technique for the left kidney may involve using the spleen as an acoustic window
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Ultrasound technique for PROXIMAL URETER is identical to the assessment of kidneys and involves graded compression to follow the ureter to the bladder
Ultrasound technique for PROXIMAL URETER is identical to the assessment of kidneys and involves graded compression to follow the ureter to the bladder
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Ultrasound technique for DISTAL URETER involves passing obliquely and posterior to the bladder to the vesicoureteric junction
Ultrasound technique for DISTAL URETER involves passing obliquely and posterior to the bladder to the vesicoureteric junction
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Scanning technique for the bladder requires a distended bladder and may involve rolling LPO/RPO to assess mobility
Scanning technique for the bladder requires a distended bladder and may involve rolling LPO/RPO to assess mobility
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Ultrasound appearances in sagittal, transverse, and coronal planes are used to recognize and describe normal ultrasound appearances
Ultrasound appearances in sagittal, transverse, and coronal planes are used to recognize and describe normal ultrasound appearances
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Measurement of kidney size and bladder size is an important aspect of ultrasound imaging
Measurement of kidney size and bladder size is an important aspect of ultrasound imaging
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The lecture covers understanding the anatomy of the kidney, describing normal variants, explaining the technique for imaging the kidneys, and recognizing and describing the normal ultrasound appearances
The lecture covers understanding the anatomy of the kidney, describing normal variants, explaining the technique for imaging the kidneys, and recognizing and describing the normal ultrasound appearances
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A quiz at the end of the lecture tests knowledge on the location of renal pyramids, ureter insertion, and hypertrophied column of Berthin
A quiz at the end of the lecture tests knowledge on the location of renal pyramids, ureter insertion, and hypertrophied column of Berthin
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25% of individuals have complications such as PUJ obstruction, VUJ reflux, collecting system duplication, and renal dysplasia.
25% of individuals have complications such as PUJ obstruction, VUJ reflux, collecting system duplication, and renal dysplasia.
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Ectopia (pelvic kidney) occurs when one or both kidneys are located outside the renal fossa, often leading to reflux, UTI, and calculi.
Ectopia (pelvic kidney) occurs when one or both kidneys are located outside the renal fossa, often leading to reflux, UTI, and calculi.
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Duplex collecting system is common (0.5-10%) and can be complete or incomplete, with duplex kidneys tending to be larger.
Duplex collecting system is common (0.5-10%) and can be complete or incomplete, with duplex kidneys tending to be larger.
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Kidney agenesis can be bilateral (incompatible with life) or unilateral (usually incidental with compensatory hypertrophy).
Kidney agenesis can be bilateral (incompatible with life) or unilateral (usually incidental with compensatory hypertrophy).
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Supernumerary kidney, with additional renal function, is rare and usually small, and can occur in any position.
Supernumerary kidney, with additional renal function, is rare and usually small, and can occur in any position.
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Clinical indications for kidney and urinary bladder ultrasound examination include flank pain, recurrent UTIs, suspected kidney stones, hematuria, acute and chronic renal failure.
Clinical indications for kidney and urinary bladder ultrasound examination include flank pain, recurrent UTIs, suspected kidney stones, hematuria, acute and chronic renal failure.
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Patient preparation involves drinking 3-4 glasses of water an hour prior to examination to ensure a full bladder.
Patient preparation involves drinking 3-4 glasses of water an hour prior to examination to ensure a full bladder.
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Equipment used includes a curvilinear transducer ($2-5$MHz) and a linear transducer for pediatric or superficial assessments.
Equipment used includes a curvilinear transducer ($2-5$MHz) and a linear transducer for pediatric or superficial assessments.
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Scanning technique involves examining each kidney completely in multiple planes, with variable patient positions and respiration.
Scanning technique involves examining each kidney completely in multiple planes, with variable patient positions and respiration.
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Ultrasound technique for coronal assessment occurs postero-laterally between the lower costal margin and iliac crest, with patient positioning varying.
Ultrasound technique for coronal assessment occurs postero-laterally between the lower costal margin and iliac crest, with patient positioning varying.
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Coronal ultrasound technique provides advantages such as length measurement, assessment of both poles, and better visualization for hydronephrosis.
Coronal ultrasound technique provides advantages such as length measurement, assessment of both poles, and better visualization for hydronephrosis.
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Sagittal ultrasound technique is effective for the right kidney and upper pole of the left kidney, and may involve varying patient positions.
Sagittal ultrasound technique is effective for the right kidney and upper pole of the left kidney, and may involve varying patient positions.
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Study Notes
Congenital Anomalies in Kidneys and Imaging Techniques
- 25% of individuals have complications such as PUJ obstruction, VUJ reflux, collecting system duplication, and renal dysplasia
- Ectopia (pelvic kidney) occurs when one or both kidneys are located outside the renal fossa, often leading to reflux, UTI, and calculi
- Duplex collecting system is common (0.5-10%) and can be complete or incomplete, with duplex kidneys tending to be larger
- Kidney agenesis can be bilateral (incompatible with life) or unilateral (usually incidental with compensatory hypertrophy)
- Supernumerary kidney, with additional renal function, is rare and usually small, and can occur in any position
- Clinical indications for kidney and urinary bladder ultrasound examination include flank pain, recurrent UTIs, suspected kidney stones, hematuria, acute and chronic renal failure
- Patient preparation involves drinking 3-4 glasses of water an hour prior to examination to ensure a full bladder
- Equipment used includes a curvilinear transducer (2-5MHz) and a linear transducer for pediatric or superficial assessments
- Scanning technique involves examining each kidney completely in multiple planes, with variable patient positions and respiration
- Ultrasound technique for coronal assessment occurs postero-laterally between the lower costal margin and iliac crest, with patient positioning varying
- Coronal ultrasound technique provides advantages such as length measurement, assessment of both poles, and better visualization for hydronephrosis
- Sagittal ultrasound technique is effective for the right kidney and upper pole of the left kidney, and may involve varying patient positions
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Description
Test your knowledge of congenital anomalies in kidneys and imaging techniques with this quiz. Explore conditions such as ectopia, duplex collecting system, kidney agenesis, and supernumerary kidneys, and learn about clinical indications and ultrasound scanning techniques for kidney and urinary bladder examinations.
