30 Questions
Which type of research design allows us to make cause-and-effect inferences?
Experimental designs
What does a positive correlation indicate?
As one variable increases, the other increases
What is the range of correlations?
-1.00 to +1.00
What is the main limitation of case study designs?
They lack internal validity
What is the correlation-causation fallacy?
Assuming that correlations indicate causation
What is the purpose of self report measures?
To assess a variety of characteristics
What is the third variable problem in correlation designs?
The presence of a third variable that causes both variables being studied
Which of the following is true about prefrontal lobotomy?
It involved severing the fibers connecting the frontal lobe and thalamus.
Which mode of thinking requires little mental effort and involves heuristics?
Intuitive thinking
What is the purpose of random selection in scientific research?
To ensure that every person in the research sample has an equal chance of being chosen
What does reliability refer to in the context of research?
The consistency of measurement
What is the relationship between reliability and validity?
A test must be reliable in order to be valid.
Which of the following is NOT a type of research design mentioned in the text?
Self-report measures
What does naturalistic observation involve?
Observing behavior in real-world settings
Which of the following is NOT a potential confounding variable in an experimental study?
A variable that is controlled for in the study design
What is the placebo effect?
Improvement because you expect improvement
What is the purpose of a double-blind design in an experiment?
To prevent experimenter expectancy effect
What are demand characteristics in a research study?
Cues that participants pick up on and guess the researcher's hypothesis
What is the purpose of obtaining informed consent from research participants?
To inform participants about the purpose of the research
What is the range in descriptive statistics?
The difference between the highest and lowest score
What does it mean for a finding to be statistically significant?
The finding occurred by chance alone less than 5% of the time
Which of the following statements is true about statistical significance and practical significance?
Larger sample sizes increase the likelihood of statistical significance but not practical significance.
What does it mean if a finding is statistically significant but not practically significant?
The finding has no relevance in the real world.
What is the role of meta-analytic research in demonstrating practical significance?
Meta-analytic research helps determine practical significance.
What happens to the likelihood of finding statistical significance as sample size increases?
The likelihood of finding statistical significance increases.
What is the relationship between effect size and the overall relevance of findings?
Larger effect sizes increase the overall relevance of findings.
If a finding is statistically significant, what can we conclude about its practical significance?
The finding may or may not be practically significant.
What is the impact of larger sample sizes on practical significance?
Larger sample sizes have no impact on practical significance.
What is the relationship between statistical significance and practical significance?
Statistical significance does not imply practical significance.
What is the impact of large effect sizes on the overall relevance of findings?
Large effect sizes increase the overall relevance of findings.
Test your knowledge of confounding variables and their impact on research studies in this quiz. Learn how these variables can influence results and how to minimize their effects for more accurate findings.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
