Wek 7 Lec 2

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Questions and Answers

In the context of organizational conflict, which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the 'avoidance' reaction as a maladaptive response, potentially leading to escalated tensions?

  • An executive, faced with evidence of declining employee morale stemming from perceived inequities in compensation, commissions an external audit of the pay structure to ensure fairness and transparency.
  • A project manager, aware of an impending resource conflict, proactively engages stakeholders in a dialogue to explore alternative solutions and preemptively mitigate potential disruptions.
  • A team leader, confronted with consistent interpersonal friction within the team, schedules a series of facilitated workshops designed to foster empathy and improve communication skills.
  • A department head, cognizant of escalating tensions between two key employees, deliberately postpones addressing the core issues hoping the conflict will dissipate spontaneously, without intervention. (correct)

Within the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument, how does the 'compromising' style distinctly balance concerns for self and others, and what potential limitations arise from this approach in complex, multi-stakeholder negotiations?

  • Compromising emphasizes cooperativeness at the expense of assertiveness, fostering harmonious relationships but risking suboptimal outcomes for the individual or organization.
  • Compromising seeks to fully satisfy the concerns of all parties through integrative problem-solving, leading to mutually beneficial outcomes and strengthening long-term relationships.
  • Compromising involves each party conceding on some demands to reach a middle ground, potentially resulting in a fair solution but failing to fully satisfy either side and overlooking integrative solutions. (correct)
  • Compromising prioritizes assertiveness above cooperativeness, leading to swift resolutions but potentially alienating certain stakeholders and overlooking mutually beneficial value creation opportunities.

Considering the nuances of 'competing' as a conflict resolution style within the Thomas-Kilmann model, under which specific organizational conditions would its application be ethically justifiable and strategically advantageous, despite its potential for relational damage?

  • During critical junctures demanding decisive action and the prompt implementation of unpopular decisions that align with overriding organizational interests, despite anticipated resistance. (correct)
  • When consensus-building is feasible, and there exists ample time to explore diverse perspectives and integrate them into a mutually agreeable solution.
  • When fostering inclusivity and empowering diverse voices is crucial for promoting innovation and enhancing employee engagement.
  • In situations where preserving long-term relationships is paramount, and the issue at hand holds relatively minor significance for the organization's strategic objectives.

In the context of organizational conflict arising from unclear project responsibilities, what advanced strategies, beyond mere clarification, can be implemented to foster 'teamwork improvements' rather than 'miscommunication and resentment'?

<p>Implementing a comprehensive RACI matrix coupled with regular cross-functional workshops focused on collective ownership and shared accountability for project outcomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the 'Accommodation' conflict resolution style, what are the potential long-term detrimental effects on organizational culture and individual career trajectories if this approach is consistently adopted by specific individuals or teams?

<p>Development of resentment, learned helplessness, and potential career stagnation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the complexities of cultural and gender differences in conflict resolution, what advanced strategies can multinational teams employ to navigate direct versus indirect communication styles effectively, ensuring inclusivity and minimizing misunderstandings?

<p>Facilitating cross-cultural awareness workshops that promote mutual understanding, combined with the establishment of communication norms that value both directness and indirectness, tailored to specific contexts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Analyzing the principle of 'Reduce Differentiation' as a structural approach to managing conflict, how can organizations effectively dismantle entrenched departmental silos and foster a culture of cross-functional collaboration without inadvertently diminishing specialized expertise or creating role ambiguity?

<p>Establishing cross-functional teams dedicated to specific projects, ensuring diversity of expertise and shared goals, while maintaining clear functional reporting structures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the strategy of 'Increasing Resources' to manage conflict, what innovative financial or operational models can organizations implement to mitigate resource scarcity-driven disputes, while simultaneously ensuring fiscal responsibility and preventing moral hazard?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Delineate how the strategic implementation of 'superordinate goals' can mitigate conflict by aligning divergent interests within an organization, while simultaneously addressing potential challenges such as the dilution of individual or departmental accountability.

<p>Establishing overarching objectives that necessitate collective effort and transcend individual or departmental priorities, reinforcing a sense of shared identity and purpose. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beyond simply avoiding hostility, what advanced strategies can organizations implement to 'Promote Dignity & Respect' during conflict resolution, fostering a culture of psychological safety and encouraging constructive disagreement as a catalyst for innovation?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the second-order effects of consistently separating the 'person from the problem' in conflict resolution, particularly in contexts where interpersonal dynamics and emotional intelligence are critical for effective collaboration and long-term relationship building?

<p>Options B and C. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beyond ensuring continuous communication, what advanced mechanisms can organizations implement to 'Maintain Dialogue' effectively during periods of intense conflict, preventing communication breakdowns and fostering a culture of open and honest exchange?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways can an explicit organizational emphasis on 'common goals' paradoxically exacerbate latent conflicts rooted in power imbalances, resource inequalities, or divergent strategic priorities?

<p>Suppression of dissenting opinions and reinforcement of dominant viewpoints. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can organizations effectively mitigate the adverse effects of unconscious biases in conflict resolution, fostering a culture of fairness, equity, and inclusivity without resorting to tokenistic diversity initiatives or counterproductive overcorrection?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beyond simply showing understanding, what advanced techniques can organizations implement to promote 'Active Listening' during conflict resolution, fostering genuine empathy and ensuring that all perspectives are fully heard and validated?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sophisticated mechanisms can organizations deploy to ensure alignment between espoused values (e.g., 'collaboration') and enacted behaviors during conflict resolution, preventing the erosion of trust and psychological safety?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the dynamic interplay between assertiveness and cooperativeness in the Thomas-Kilmann model, which meta-strategic frameworks can leaders employ to situationally adapt their conflict resolution style, optimizing outcomes across diverse organizational contexts and stakeholder expectations?

<p>Utilizing a decision-making matrix that incorporates factors such as time sensitivity, relationship importance, and issue complexity to guide the selection of the most appropriate conflict resolution style. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument, how does the 'collaborating' style distinctively foster organizational learning and knowledge sharing, and what specific structural or cultural conditions are necessary to cultivate this approach effectively?

<p>Collaboration involves a synergistic integration of both assertiveness and cooperativeness, fostering a culture of open dialogue, mutual respect, and shared problem-solving, thereby maximizing learning and knowledge sharing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential unintended consequences of over-emphasizing 'clarifying job roles' as a primary strategy for managing conflict, particularly in dynamic, knowledge-based organizations where role ambiguity can foster innovation and emergent problem-solving?

<p>Stifling creativity and adaptability by creating rigid boundaries and discouraging cross-functional collaboration, potentially hindering innovation and emergent problem-solving. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the strategic complexities of 'Reducing Interdependence' as a structural approach to conflict management, what nuanced considerations must organizations address to prevent unintended consequences such as decreased innovation, diminished knowledge sharing, or the creation of redundant capabilities?

<p>Reduced opportunities for cross-functional collaboration and knowledge transfer, potentially leading to duplicated effort and missed synergies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Conflict: Fear

Uncertainty about the outcome of a conflict.

Conflict: Threat

Feeling attacked or undervalued during a conflict.

Conflict: Loss

Perception of losing control or status in a conflict situation.

Conflict: Avoidance

Avoiding conflict, but shifting mindset to view it as an opportunity for problem-solving and innovation.

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Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Resolution Model

A model that identifies five key strategies for conflict resolution based on assertiveness and cooperativeness.

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Assertiveness

The extent to which a person prioritizes their own needs in a conflict.

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Cooperativeness

The extent to which a person prioritizes others' needs in a conflict.

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Accommodation (Yielding)

One party gives in to maintain harmony; low assertiveness, high cooperativeness.

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Avoidance (Withdrawing)

Ignoring the issue instead of addressing it directly; low assertiveness and cooperativeness.

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Competition (Forcing)

One party forces their decision, prioritizing their own interests; high assertiveness, low cooperativeness.

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Compromise

Both parties give up some demands to reach a middle ground; moderate assertiveness and cooperativeness.

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Collaboration (Problem-Solving)

Both parties work together to create a mutually beneficial solution; high assertiveness and cooperativeness.

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Encourage Superordinate Goals

Focus on common objectives that unite teams.

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Reduce Differentiation

Break down silos between departments to improve communication.

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Improve Communication

Use structured dialogue and feedback channels for conflict resolution.

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Increase Resources

Prevent competition over limited budgets or tools to reduce conflict.

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Clarify Job Roles

Avoid confusion about responsibilities by clearly defining job roles.

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Reduce Interdependence

Adjust workflows to minimize unnecessary reliance to decrease conflict.

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Promote Dignity & Respect

Encourage professional disagreements without hostility to avoid toxic conflict.

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Separate the Person from the Problem

Focus on facts, not personal attacks, during conflict resolution.

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Study Notes

Common Reactions to Conflict

  • Fear is uncertainty about the outcome.
  • Threat describes feeling attacked or undervalued.
  • Loss refers to perceiving a loss of control or status.
  • Avoidance is seen when people are hard-wired to avoid conflict.
  • Shifting mindset helps in seeing conflict as an opportunity for problem-solving and innovation.
  • Example of conflict, employees disagree over project responsibilities due to unclear job roles.
  • Unclear job roles leads to teamwork improvements or miscommunication and resentment.

Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Resolution Model

  • Developed in 1976.
  • Model identifies five key strategies based on assertiveness and cooperativeness.
  • Assertiveness describes prioritizing one's own needs.
  • Cooperativeness is prioritizing the needs of others.

Accommodation (Yielding)

  • Accommodation involves low assertiveness and high cooperativeness.
  • One party gives in to maintain harmony.
  • The effect aims to preserve relationships but could lead to frustration or being taken advantage of.
  • An example is a team member accepting extra workload to avoid arguing, even if it is unfair.
  • Use accommodation when the issue is more important to the other party.
  • Use accommodation when maintaining relationships is crucial.

Avoidance (Withdrawing)

  • Avoidance reflects low assertiveness and low cooperativeness.
  • Description involves ignoring the issue instead of addressing it.
  • This delays problem resolution and may increase frustration.
  • When a manager ignores complaints about unfair promotions, it leads to employee dissatisfaction.
  • Avoidance is appropriate when the issue is trivial.
  • Use avoidance when time is needed to cool down emotions.

Competition (Forcing)

  • Competition involves high assertiveness and low cooperativeness.
  • Description is that one party forces their decision, prioritizing their own interests.
  • This approach resolves conflicts quickly but can damage relationships.
  • A CEO cutting budgets abruptly, ignoring team concerns about workload increases reflects competition.
  • Use competition when a quick decision is necessary, such as in emergency situations.

Compromise

  • Compromise reflects moderate assertiveness and cooperativeness.
  • In a compromise both parties give up some demands to reach a middle ground.
  • It creates a fair solution but may not fully satisfy both sides.
  • A sales team agreeing to reduce commission while the company raises their base salary is an example.
  • Use compromise when both sides have equal power.
  • Use compromise when a balanced solution is needed.

Collaboration (Problem-Solving)

  • Collaboration involves high assertiveness and high cooperativeness.
  • Description is that both parties work together to create a mutually beneficial solution.
  • Collaboration strengthens relationships and leads to innovation but takes time.
  • Two departments with conflicting priorities sit down to co-create a workflow that benefits both exemplify collaboration.
  • Use Collaboration when the conflict is complex and requires long-term solutions.

Factors Influencing Conflict Resolution

  • Some studies suggest women tend to be more collaborative.
  • Men lean toward avoidance.
  • Agreeableness is linked to compromise and neuroticism may lead to avoidance.
  • A multinational team may struggle with direct vs. indirect communication styles, requiring cultural awareness.

Structural Approaches to Managing Conflict

  • Encourage Superordinate Goals by focusing on objectives that unite teams.
  • Reduce Differentiation by breaking down silos between departments.
  • Improve Communication through structured dialogue and feedback channels.
  • Increase Resources to prevent competition over limited budgets or tools.
  • Clarify Job Roles to avoid confusion about responsibilities.
  • Reduce Interdependence by adjusting workflows to minimise unnecessary reliance.
  • Create cross-functional teams to ensure marketing, sales, and finance work collaboratively rather than in silos.

Keeping Conflict Functional

  • Promote Dignity & Respect by encouraging professional disagreements without hostility.
  • Separate the Person from the Problem by focusing on facts, not personal attacks.
  • Maintain Dialogue through continuous communication, even in tough discussions.
  • Focus on Common Goals and keep everyone aligned with the company’s mission.
  • Recognise Biases and avoid personal or cultural prejudices that may influence judgment.
  • Practice Active Listening by showing understanding before responding.
  • Restructure a performance review process to include peer feedback, allowing employees to express concerns constructively.

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