North-Vietnam/USA
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Questions and Answers

In which decade did the important decisions relating to North Vietnam and the Vietnam War take place?

  • 1980s
  • 1970s
  • 1960s (correct)
  • 1950s
  • Who was the National Security Adviser to President Nixon during the Vietnam War?

  • Robert McNamara
  • Colin Powell
  • Condoleezza Rice
  • Henry Kissinger (correct)
  • Which international crisis was a significant event in the USA/USSR interstate protracted conflict?

  • Gulf War Crisis
  • Berlin Wall Crisis
  • Cuban Missile Crisis (correct)
  • Suez Canal Crisis
  • Who made the strategic and important tactical decisions during Phase I (1964–1968) of the North Vietnam/USA conflict?

    <p>President Johnson and his appointees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the period of the Berlin Blockade?

    <p>1948–1949</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known as 'Vietnam's Devil's Advocate'?

    <p>George Ball</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the two crucial USA decision-makers on the Vietnam War during Phase II (1969–1973)?

    <p>President Nixon and Henry Kissinger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Congress in creating a state of war?

    <p>To declare war</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the Vietnam War was George Ball the Under-Secretary of State?

    <p>Phase I (1964–1968)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the principal USA negotiator with North (and South) Vietnam since the beginning of the Nixon presidency?

    <p>Henry Kissinger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was used by both adversaries to enhance the loyalty and commitment of their forces in the conflict?

    <p>Verbal Hostility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of propaganda used by both Vietnams?

    <p>To wean soldiers from their adversary and change their loyalty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common occurrence in the ranks of both North and South Vietnam?

    <p>Defection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be ranked as a distant third type of con ct-sustaining technique in terms of its impact on the evolution of the conflict?

    <p>Verbal Hostility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to assess the effectiveness of propaganda used by the two competing Vietnams?

    <p>Because of the lack of reports on the dimension of their armed forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization was established in 1954 to defend non-Communist countries in Southeast Asia?

    <p>South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who verbally expressed support to North Vietnam in 1961?

    <p>The Soviet Union and China</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event in 1964 marked the onset of military hostilities between North Vietnam and the USA?

    <p>The Gulf of Tonkin incident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country refused to endorse the Geneva Accord in 1954?

    <p>The United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the war that ended in 1954 with the signing of the Geneva Accord?

    <p>The France/North Vietnam War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Verbal Hostility was used by only one of the principal adversaries in the conflict.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Defection was more common in the ranks of North Vietnam than South Vietnam.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acts of economic con ct-sustaining were more frequent than Verbal Hostility in the conflict.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary goal of propaganda used by both Vietnams was to demoralize the enemy's forces.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is possible to meaningfully assess the effectiveness of propaganda used by the two competing Vietnams.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The USA decision-making process is highly decentralized and distributed among various branches of government.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Berlin Blockade was an international crisis within the USA/North Vietnam interstate protracted conflict.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    President Johnson and his aides made most of the strategic and important tactical decisions during Phase II of the North Vietnam/USA conflict.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Congress has limited powers in constraining the president's authority as commander-in-chief and head of the Executive branch of Government.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Cuban Missile Crisis was a significant event in the North Vietnam/USA conflict.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    George Ball was the Secretary of State during the Lyndon Johnson phase.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was formed in 1953 to defend non-Communist countries in Southeast Asia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The USA Constitution grants the President absolute authority in the conduct of foreign policy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Vietnam War was a conflict between the USA and the USSR.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The United States publicly announced its intention to form a coalition against Communism in Southeast Asia in 1955.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Geneva Accord in 1954 marked the beginning of the Vietnam War.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dean Rusk was the National Security Adviser during the Lyndon Johnson phase.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The USSR, China, and the UK did not offer to negotiate an agreement to end the conflict in 1963.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Nixon presidency began in 1964.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Gulf of Tonkin incident occurred in 1965 and marked the onset of North Vietnam-USA military hostilities.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the roles of the four principals during the Lyndon Johnson phase (1964-1968) of the Vietnam War?

    <p>President Johnson, Robert McNamara (Secretary of Defense), Dean Rusk (Secretary of State), and McGeorge Bundy (National Security Adviser)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was George Ball's role during the Kennedy and Johnson Administrations (1961-1966)?

    <p>Under-Secretary of State, known as 'Vietnam's Devil's Advocate'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the two crucial USA decision-makers on the Vietnam War during Phase II (1969-1973)?

    <p>President Nixon and his National Security Adviser, Kissinger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the USA Constitution grant to Congress in foreign policy?

    <p>Congress has supervisory control over all Departments in the Executive branch of Government, vetting of presidential appointments, and allocation of funds for foreign wars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the relationship between the President and Congress in the conduct of foreign policy?

    <p>Congress has powers to constrain the President's authority, including supervisory control and allocation of funds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary objective of using verbal hostility by both principal adversaries in the conflict?

    <p>to enhance the loyalty and commitment of their respective forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to assess the effectiveness of propaganda used by the two competing Vietnams?

    <p>because of the absence of reports on this dimension of their armed forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common occurrence in the ranks of both North and South Vietnam?

    <p>defection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does verbal hostility rank in terms of its impact on the evolution of the conflict?

    <p>as a distant third type of con ct-sustaining technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of propaganda used by both Vietnams?

    <p>to wean soldiers of their adversary to change their loyalty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of the USA decision-making process is evident in the analysis of interstate protracted conflicts?

    <p>Highly concentrated in the president and his appointed aides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which conflict did the authority and power to make strategic and tactical decisions reside with the president and his appointed aides?

    <p>North Vietnam/USA conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Berlin Blockade and the Cuban Missile Crisis in the context of the USA/USSR interstate protracted conflict?

    <p>They were international crises within the USA/USSR interstate protracted conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the key decision-makers during Phase II of the North Vietnam/USA conflict?

    <p>President Nixon and/or National Security Adviser Kissinger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theoretical impact of a noncooperative or unfriendly Congress on the president's authority as commander-in-chief and head of the Executive branch of Government?

    <p>It could seriously undermine the president's formal authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of the USA's intentions in Southeast Asia in 1954, as publicly announced?

    <p>To form a coalition against Communism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization was established in 1954 to defend non-Communist countries in Southeast Asia?

    <p>The South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who verbally expressed support to North Vietnam in 1961?

    <p>The USSR and China</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event in 1964 marked the onset of military hostilities between North Vietnam and the USA?

    <p>The Gulf of Tonkin incident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country refused to endorse the Geneva Accord in 1954?

    <p>The USA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Verbal Hostility in the North Vietnam/USA Conflict

    • Verbal hostility was more evident than economic conflict-sustaining techniques (CST) in the North Vietnam/USA conflict.
    • Both principal adversaries used verbal hostility as a supplement to violence, mainly to enhance loyalty and commitment among their forces.
    • Verbal hostility was used to wean soldiers from the adversary and change the balance of local military power.

    Decision-Making Process in the USA

    • The USA decision process is less complex, with authority and power concentrated in the president and appointed aides.
    • Key decision-makers in Phase I (1964-1968) included President Johnson, Robert McNamara, Dean Rusk, and McGeorge Bundy.
    • George Ball, Under-Secretary of State, was a notable dissenter from the 'hard line' approach during Phase I.
    • In Phase II (1969-1973), President Nixon and National Security Adviser Kissinger were the key decision-makers.

    USA Involvement in the Vietnam War

    • The USA got involved in the Vietnam War as part of the ongoing Cold War between the 'Free World' and international Communism, led by the Soviet Union.
    • In March 1954, the USA publicly announced its intention to form a coalition against Communism in Southeast Asia.
    • The USA-initiated South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) committed to defend non-Communist Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos against a military attack.

    International Involvement

    • North Vietnam (DRV) received verbal expressions of support from the USSR and China in 1961 and thereafter.
    • There were informal offers to negotiate an agreement to end the conflict, but the USA responded negatively.
    • Continuous military escalation dominated the North Vietnam/USA conflict until the Tet Offensive in January 1968.

    Constraints on the USA President

    • The USA Constitution and political system generate institutions and constraints on the exercise of authority by the USA President in foreign policy.
    • These constraints include the role of Congress, supervisory control over Departments, vetting of presidential appointments, and allocation of funds for foreign wars.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the concept of verbal hostility, economic con ct-sustaining technique, and defection in the context of protracted conflict. Learn how propaganda is used to change loyalty and balance of military power.

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