30 Questions
What is the effect of positive reinforcement?
Increases behavior that precedes it
What is the difference between positive and negative punishment?
Positive adds an aversive outcome, negative removes something from the environment
What is the key characteristic of operant conditioning?
Voluntary behavior emitted by the organism
What is the prediction error theory based on?
The difference between expected and actual outcome
What does evidence suggest about extinction?
Extinction is new learning rather than unlearning
What does cognitive networks exist after?
Extinction
What is renewal particularly observed in?
Classical conditioning
What is context-induced reinstatement often called?
Renewal of drug seeking
What is extinction context-specific to?
Extinction
What is the result of retrieval in AAA and AAB setups?
Renewal is not observed
What is the physical representation of memory and learning in the brain?
Connections between neurons and pathways
What disrupts reconsolidation and can reduce fear or craving responses?
Extinction within the consolidation window
What is a factor that affects extinction and brain development across different age groups?
Flexible system in younger animals
What can be ethically problematic if it causes relapse?
Extinction
What involves training subjects to fear a cue through association with a shock?
Fear conditioning
What can reduce unwanted behaviors but may lead to their return due to changes in context, exposure to cues, and stress?
Extinction
What can disrupt consolidation and reduce fear or craving responses?
Protein synthesis inhibitors
What involves cue-induced craving responses and can be disrupted by extinction within the consolidation window?
Heroin addiction
What is a factor that affects extinction and may be more resistant in females?
Brain development
What can reduce unwanted behaviors and is specific to context and subject to retrieval conditions?
Response prevention
What is the renewal effect in classical conditioning?
The behavior returns in a different context
What is the consequence of removal from the acquisition context in operant conditioning?
Renewal effect
What is spontaneous recovery in conditioning?
Increased tendency to return to the original acquisition over time
What is generalization decrement in conditioning?
The subject is less likely to understand specific conditions under which a response is reinforced
What is Q-induced reinstatement in conditioning?
Reintroduction of a cue leading to increased responding even though responses are no longer reinforced
What is stress-induced reinstatement in conditioning?
Retrieval of drug-seeking responses due to environmental cues
What is extinction in conditioning?
Involves removing reinforcement and results in a decrease in behavior
What is the renewal effect in conditioning?
The behavior returns in a different context
What can stress do to drug-seeking behavior in conditioning?
Increase drug-seeking behavior
What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in conditioning?
Important for executive control and can result in failure to inhibit responses in certain cognitive tasks if damaged
Study Notes
Overview of Conditioning and Extinction Phenomena
- Classical conditioning renewal occurs when tested in a different context
- Removal from acquisition context is not enough to renew an operant response
- Spontaneous recovery leads to an increased tendency to return to the original acquisition over time
- Generalization decrement may occur as the subject is less likely to understand specific conditions under which a response is reinforced
- Q-induced reinstatement reintroduces a cue leading to increased responding even though responses are no longer reinforced
- Stress-induced reinstatement occurs when an animal is trained to leave a press for a particular reinforcer
- Retrieval of drug-seeking responses or other behaviors due to cues in the environment can be problematic in clinical settings
- Extinction involves removing reinforcement and results in a decrease in behavior
- Renewal effect occurs when the behavior returns in a different context
- Stress can increase drug-seeking behavior, and non-drug reinforcers can also be affected by stress
- CRF is part of the stress response and is affected by drugs, and emotions can affect the response retrieved after extinction
- The prefrontal cortex is important for executive control, and damage to it can result in failure to inhibit responses in certain cognitive tasks
Test your knowledge of conditioning and extinction phenomena with this quiz. Explore concepts such as classical conditioning renewal, spontaneous recovery, generalization decrement, reinstatement, and the role of stress in behavior. Gain insights into the impact of environmental cues, reinforcement removal, and prefrontal cortex function on behavior.
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