Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the effect of positive reinforcement?
What is the effect of positive reinforcement?
- Increases behavior that precedes it (correct)
- Decreases behavior that precedes it
- Removes something from the environment
- Adds an aversive outcome
What is the difference between positive and negative punishment?
What is the difference between positive and negative punishment?
- Positive adds an aversive outcome, negative removes something from the environment (correct)
- Positive increases behavior, negative decreases behavior
- Positive removes something from the environment, negative adds an aversive outcome
- Positive adds something to the environment, negative presents a favorable outcome
What is the key characteristic of operant conditioning?
What is the key characteristic of operant conditioning?
- Voluntary behavior emitted by the organism (correct)
- Stimuli not necessarily under the control of the subject
- Depends on the difference between expected and actual outcome
- Learning occurs due to prediction error
What is the prediction error theory based on?
What is the prediction error theory based on?
What does evidence suggest about extinction?
What does evidence suggest about extinction?
What does cognitive networks exist after?
What does cognitive networks exist after?
What is renewal particularly observed in?
What is renewal particularly observed in?
What is context-induced reinstatement often called?
What is context-induced reinstatement often called?
What is extinction context-specific to?
What is extinction context-specific to?
What is the result of retrieval in AAA and AAB setups?
What is the result of retrieval in AAA and AAB setups?
What is the physical representation of memory and learning in the brain?
What is the physical representation of memory and learning in the brain?
What disrupts reconsolidation and can reduce fear or craving responses?
What disrupts reconsolidation and can reduce fear or craving responses?
What is a factor that affects extinction and brain development across different age groups?
What is a factor that affects extinction and brain development across different age groups?
What can be ethically problematic if it causes relapse?
What can be ethically problematic if it causes relapse?
What involves training subjects to fear a cue through association with a shock?
What involves training subjects to fear a cue through association with a shock?
What can reduce unwanted behaviors but may lead to their return due to changes in context, exposure to cues, and stress?
What can reduce unwanted behaviors but may lead to their return due to changes in context, exposure to cues, and stress?
What can disrupt consolidation and reduce fear or craving responses?
What can disrupt consolidation and reduce fear or craving responses?
What involves cue-induced craving responses and can be disrupted by extinction within the consolidation window?
What involves cue-induced craving responses and can be disrupted by extinction within the consolidation window?
What is a factor that affects extinction and may be more resistant in females?
What is a factor that affects extinction and may be more resistant in females?
What can reduce unwanted behaviors and is specific to context and subject to retrieval conditions?
What can reduce unwanted behaviors and is specific to context and subject to retrieval conditions?
What is the renewal effect in classical conditioning?
What is the renewal effect in classical conditioning?
What is the consequence of removal from the acquisition context in operant conditioning?
What is the consequence of removal from the acquisition context in operant conditioning?
What is spontaneous recovery in conditioning?
What is spontaneous recovery in conditioning?
What is generalization decrement in conditioning?
What is generalization decrement in conditioning?
What is Q-induced reinstatement in conditioning?
What is Q-induced reinstatement in conditioning?
What is stress-induced reinstatement in conditioning?
What is stress-induced reinstatement in conditioning?
What is extinction in conditioning?
What is extinction in conditioning?
What is the renewal effect in conditioning?
What is the renewal effect in conditioning?
What can stress do to drug-seeking behavior in conditioning?
What can stress do to drug-seeking behavior in conditioning?
What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in conditioning?
What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in conditioning?
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Study Notes
Overview of Conditioning and Extinction Phenomena
- Classical conditioning renewal occurs when tested in a different context
- Removal from acquisition context is not enough to renew an operant response
- Spontaneous recovery leads to an increased tendency to return to the original acquisition over time
- Generalization decrement may occur as the subject is less likely to understand specific conditions under which a response is reinforced
- Q-induced reinstatement reintroduces a cue leading to increased responding even though responses are no longer reinforced
- Stress-induced reinstatement occurs when an animal is trained to leave a press for a particular reinforcer
- Retrieval of drug-seeking responses or other behaviors due to cues in the environment can be problematic in clinical settings
- Extinction involves removing reinforcement and results in a decrease in behavior
- Renewal effect occurs when the behavior returns in a different context
- Stress can increase drug-seeking behavior, and non-drug reinforcers can also be affected by stress
- CRF is part of the stress response and is affected by drugs, and emotions can affect the response retrieved after extinction
- The prefrontal cortex is important for executive control, and damage to it can result in failure to inhibit responses in certain cognitive tasks
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