Conditional Statements and Loops

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Questions and Answers

Which type of statement is designed for executing specific code blocks based on whether a condition is true or false?

  • Jump statements
  • Selection statements (correct)
  • Looping statements
  • Array statements

What distinguishes the do...while loop from the while loop in terms of condition evaluation?

  • `do...while` evaluates the condition after each iteration. (correct)
  • `do...while` only evaluates the condition once.
  • `do...while` does not evaluate a condition.
  • `do...while` evaluates the condition before each iteration.

In C#, which class is most suitable when you need to modify a string without creating new objects in memory for each change?

  • String
  • CharArray
  • ArrayList
  • StringBuilder (correct)

Which statement is used to execute a block of code for a predetermined number of iterations?

<p>for loop (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the scenario where you need to exit a loop or switch statement prematurely. Which jump statement would you use?

<p>break (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the continue statement within a loop?

<p>To skip the rest of the current iteration and proceed to the next. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you need to represent a list of elements arranged in rows and columns, which data structure is most suitable?

<p>Two-dimensional array (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given a scenario where you need a collection that can dynamically increase in size, which of the following options would be most appropriate?

<p>ArrayList (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you access the character at a specific position within a string in C#?

<p>Using the <code>char</code> property. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Length property of a string in C# provide?

<p>The total number of characters in the string. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In if-else-if statements, what determines the order in which the conditions are evaluated??

<p>Conditions are evaluated from top to bottom. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct term for the conditional operator?

<p>Ternary operator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a scenario where you need to process each element of an array starting from the first element. Which loop would be fitting?

<p><code>foreach</code> statement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes what an array is?

<p>A set of a fixed number of values of the same type. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In C#, how can a string variable be initialized?

<p>Either by assigning a string literal directly, or by using the <code>String</code> class constructor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which loop type guarantees that the code block will execute at least once?

<p><code>do...while</code> loop (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of jump statements in the context of loops?

<p>To change the normal flow of control within a loop. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a switch statement determine which block of code to execute?

<p>By testing a variable for equality against a list of values. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between String and StringBuilder in C# regarding their behavior?

<p><code>String</code> creates a new object in memory each time it is modified, while <code>StringBuilder</code> does not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider you are using a while loop, and your desired outcome is to repeat the loop's body as long as a specific condition remains true. How does the loop facilitate this?

<p>By evaluating the condition before executing the loop body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When would you typically use an if...else statement compared to a simple if statement?

<p>When you need to perform one action if a condition is true and a different action if the condition is false. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the else if statement in a conditional structure?

<p>To combine multiple conditions into a single selection structure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding array elements in a one-dimensional array?

<p>They are arranged in a single row or list. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a StringBuilder?

<p>It automatically manages memory space when strings are concatenated, making it more efficient. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key factor differentiates while loops and for loops?

<p>For loops define how many times statements will run, while in while loops, statements will iterate, as long as the function is fulfilled. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A developer needs to use selection structures to execute two particular statements based on a condition result. Both statements will be executed if the value of the condition is true or false. Which of the following selection structures can best satisfy this requirement?

<p>Selection statements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which data structure is ideal when you require a collection of elements where the order of insertion needs to be maintained, you want the ability to dynamically resize the structure?

<p>ArrayList class (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A software engineer is tasked with optimizing a section of code that performs multiple concatenations on a string variable. What can they use to optimize the task?

<p>StringBuilder Class (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Selection Statements

Statements that execute based on a condition being true or false.

if and if...else

A conditional statement that includes a logical expression, allowing one- or two-way selections.

Switch Statement

Executes a block of statements based on a variable's equality against a list of values.

if statement

Executes a block if a condition is true.

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else statement

Statement executed if the 'if' condition is false.

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else if

Combines multiple conditions into a single selection structure.

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Conditional Operator

Also known as the ternary operator(?:)

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While Loop

Repeats a block of code as long as a condition is true, checking the condition before each execution.

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Do...While Loop

Similar to 'while', but evaluates the condition after executing the loop body.

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For Loop

Executes a block a specific number of times.

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Jump Statements

Statements to change the control flow of a loop.

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Break Statement

Terminates the enclosing loop or switch statement.

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Continue Statement

Skips the rest of the loop body and goes to the next iteration.

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Array

A fixed-size collection of elements.

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One-Dimensional Array

An array where elements are arranged in a single list.

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Foreach Statement

Processes array elements from index 0 to the end.

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Two-Dimensional Array

Array elements arranged in rows and columns.

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ArrayList Class

A dynamic-size collection.

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String

A collection of characters representing text.

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char

Gets a character at a specified index.

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Length

Gets the total number of characters in a string.

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StringBuilder Class

A mutable string of characters.

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Study Notes

  • Selection or selection structures execute statements depending on whether a condition is true or false.
  • if and if...else statements are conditional that include a logical expression that provide one or two-way selections.
  • switch executes a block of statements based on a variable's equality against a list of values.

The if-else-if Statement

  • if executes a code block only if a specified condition is true.
  • else statement if false.
  • else if combines multiple conditions into one selection structure.
  • if-else-if conditions are executed from top to bottom.

The switch Statement

  • switch executes a code block based on a variable's equality against a predefined list of values.

The Conditional Operator

  • The conditional operator, is also called a ternary operator (?:).

Loops

  • Loop body repeats as long as a condition is true.
  • While loop repeats a block of statements as long as a condition is met, evaluating the condition prior the loop.
  • Do...while is similar to a while loop, but evaluates the condition regardless if it's true or false.
  • While loop repeats a block of statements as long as a condition is true.
  • Do...while executes the loop body before evaluating the loop condition.
  • The For loop executes a block of statements for a specific number of times.
  • Jump statements alter the flow of control in a looping structure.
  • break and continue are jump statements in C#, and are keywords.
  • Break encloses a loop or switch statement.
  • Continue skips statements in the loop body.

Arrays

  • An array is a set number of values called elements.

One-Dimensional Arrays

  • A one-dimensional array arranges elements like a list.
  • foreach in C# processes array elements starting from index 0 up to the ending index.

Two-Dimensional Arrays

  • A two-dimensional array arranges elements in rows and columns.

ArrayList Class

  • ArrayList is a collection that behaves as a dynamic array.

Strings

  • A string is a sequential collection of characters that is used to represent text.
  • In C#, variables can be initialized by: assigning a string literal directly, or, using the new keyword and calling the String class constructor.
  • char gets the character at a specified index position of a string.
  • Length gets the total number of characters in the string.
  • C# has the StringBuilder class for mutable strings.

The StringBuilder Class

  • StringBuilder provides a mutable string of characters, which allows expansion without allocating extra memory.

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