5 Concrete Frame Structures: Foundations
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of a foundation?

  • To enhance the building's resistance to fire
  • To provide aesthetic appeal to the building
  • To support the roof structure
  • To transmit the load of the building to the soil (correct)
  • A balanced foundation consists of a single footing.

    False

    Name one requirement for a foundation to be considered structurally safe?

    It must be able to carry the load of the building.

    The two types of foundations in a balanced footing are __________ and __________.

    <p>separate footings, strap beam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of foundations with their descriptions:

    <p>Solid raft foundation = Distributes load over a large area Beam and slab raft foundation = Consists of a slab supported by beams Cellular (void) raft foundation = Incorporates voids for reduced weight Balanced footings = Connects two separate footings with a strap beam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason for using a balanced foundation?

    <p>There are differences in soil bearing capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Construction technology mistakes can lead to foundation issues.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structural requirement of a foundation?

    <p>It must be safe and able to carry the load of the building.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Concrete Frame Structures: Foundations

    • Foundation Definition: A structure that transfers the load of a building to the soil.

    Choosing a Foundation Type

    • Factors influencing foundation choice include:

      • Ground conditions
      • Groundwater conditions
      • Site and surrounding buildings
      • Building structure requirements
    • Requirements:

      • Structural safety (ability to bear building load)
      • Constructional feasibility (schedule, resource availability, cost)
    • Foundation Special Considerations:

      • Repair cost and difficulty
      • Foundation location (often underground)
      • Potential for damage if improperly applied

    Foundation Types for Frame Structures

    • Spread (Shallow) Foundations:
      • Beam (Grillage) Foundation: A grid of beams supporting the load.
      • Pad Foundation: Isolated concrete pads to spread the load.
      • Mat Foundation: A large concrete slab supporting the entire structure.
      • Slab Foundation: A continuous slab used as the foundation.

    Pad (Footing) Foundation Detail

    • Description: Square or rectangular concrete pads spreading concentrated loads.
    • Typical Use: Commercial and residential buildings (ground level to medium rises).

    Foundation Examples and Plans

    • Pad (Footing) Foundation Example: Illustrated in plans (different scales). Includes specific dimensions and details for the design.

    • Types of Foundations in Frame Structures: (Illustrated with diagrams).

      • Combined pad foundation
      • Brick column
      • Concrete column
      • Concrete pad

    Raft (Mat) Foundation

    • Description: Monolithic structure covering the entire building area.
    • Usage Considerations: Medium to high-rise buildings, where the soil has poor bearing capacity, to control differential settlements.
    • Types:
      • Solid slab raft
      • Beam and slab raft
      • Cellular (void) raft

    Beam and Slab Raft Foundation Details

    • Description: A monolithic concrete slab supported by beams.
    • Diagrams illustrate:
      • Cross-sectional views
      • Floor plans

    Cellular (Void) Raft Foundations

    • Description: A concrete slab with openings (voids), lighter and structurally efficient than a solid raft. - Illustrated with diagrams.

    Balanced and Cantilever Foundations

    • Balanced (Strap) Foundations: Two or more separate footings connected by a strap beam. Used when one footing lacks sufficient space. - Transfers loads effectively.
    • Cantilever Foundations: Transfer loads by cantilever action from one footing to another. Used in situations like adjacent building construction.

    Application Conditions for Balanced and Cantilever Footings

    • Insufficient Ground Area: Useful in cases where the footprint is too small for sufficient load transfer.
    • Adjacent Buildings: Employed when constructing near existing structures, to accommodate limited space.
    • Soil Capacity Issues: Useful to overcome if the soil supporting the foundation has a lower load capacity.

    Combined Footings

    • Description: Used to support multiple columns, especially when the distance between them is extensive.
    • Inefficiency Concern: Less effective than a strap beam when space constraints are high between foundation columns.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the key aspects of foundation types for concrete frame structures. It covers the definition, factors influencing foundation choice, and the specific requirements and considerations necessary for structural safety and feasibility. Perfect for architecture and engineering students.

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