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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of a foundation?
What is the primary role of a foundation?
A balanced foundation consists of a single footing.
A balanced foundation consists of a single footing.
False
Name one requirement for a foundation to be considered structurally safe?
Name one requirement for a foundation to be considered structurally safe?
It must be able to carry the load of the building.
The two types of foundations in a balanced footing are __________ and __________.
The two types of foundations in a balanced footing are __________ and __________.
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Match the following types of foundations with their descriptions:
Match the following types of foundations with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is a reason for using a balanced foundation?
Which of the following is a reason for using a balanced foundation?
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Construction technology mistakes can lead to foundation issues.
Construction technology mistakes can lead to foundation issues.
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What is the main structural requirement of a foundation?
What is the main structural requirement of a foundation?
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Study Notes
Concrete Frame Structures: Foundations
- Foundation Definition: A structure that transfers the load of a building to the soil.
Choosing a Foundation Type
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Factors influencing foundation choice include:
- Ground conditions
- Groundwater conditions
- Site and surrounding buildings
- Building structure requirements
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Requirements:
- Structural safety (ability to bear building load)
- Constructional feasibility (schedule, resource availability, cost)
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Foundation Special Considerations:
- Repair cost and difficulty
- Foundation location (often underground)
- Potential for damage if improperly applied
Foundation Types for Frame Structures
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Spread (Shallow) Foundations:
- Beam (Grillage) Foundation: A grid of beams supporting the load.
- Pad Foundation: Isolated concrete pads to spread the load.
- Mat Foundation: A large concrete slab supporting the entire structure.
- Slab Foundation: A continuous slab used as the foundation.
Pad (Footing) Foundation Detail
- Description: Square or rectangular concrete pads spreading concentrated loads.
- Typical Use: Commercial and residential buildings (ground level to medium rises).
Foundation Examples and Plans
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Pad (Footing) Foundation Example: Illustrated in plans (different scales). Includes specific dimensions and details for the design.
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Types of Foundations in Frame Structures: (Illustrated with diagrams).
- Combined pad foundation
- Brick column
- Concrete column
- Concrete pad
Raft (Mat) Foundation
- Description: Monolithic structure covering the entire building area.
- Usage Considerations: Medium to high-rise buildings, where the soil has poor bearing capacity, to control differential settlements.
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Types:
- Solid slab raft
- Beam and slab raft
- Cellular (void) raft
Beam and Slab Raft Foundation Details
- Description: A monolithic concrete slab supported by beams.
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Diagrams illustrate:
- Cross-sectional views
- Floor plans
Cellular (Void) Raft Foundations
- Description: A concrete slab with openings (voids), lighter and structurally efficient than a solid raft. - Illustrated with diagrams.
Balanced and Cantilever Foundations
- Balanced (Strap) Foundations: Two or more separate footings connected by a strap beam. Used when one footing lacks sufficient space. - Transfers loads effectively.
- Cantilever Foundations: Transfer loads by cantilever action from one footing to another. Used in situations like adjacent building construction.
Application Conditions for Balanced and Cantilever Footings
- Insufficient Ground Area: Useful in cases where the footprint is too small for sufficient load transfer.
- Adjacent Buildings: Employed when constructing near existing structures, to accommodate limited space.
- Soil Capacity Issues: Useful to overcome if the soil supporting the foundation has a lower load capacity.
Combined Footings
- Description: Used to support multiple columns, especially when the distance between them is extensive.
- Inefficiency Concern: Less effective than a strap beam when space constraints are high between foundation columns.
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Description
This quiz explores the key aspects of foundation types for concrete frame structures. It covers the definition, factors influencing foundation choice, and the specific requirements and considerations necessary for structural safety and feasibility. Perfect for architecture and engineering students.