Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the formula for calculating average load per meter run of wall?
What is the formula for calculating average load per meter run of wall?
Which factor is most crucial for ensuring the foundation does not experience shear failure?
Which factor is most crucial for ensuring the foundation does not experience shear failure?
What initial operation should be performed at the construction site before foundation work begins?
What initial operation should be performed at the construction site before foundation work begins?
When excavating trenches for foundations, which equipment is typically used?
When excavating trenches for foundations, which equipment is typically used?
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How should the site engineer ensure the foundation lines are accurately set before excavation?
How should the site engineer ensure the foundation lines are accurately set before excavation?
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What should be securely established to safeguard the construction site?
What should be securely established to safeguard the construction site?
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What is a primary consideration when determining the concrete finish for foundations?
What is a primary consideration when determining the concrete finish for foundations?
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Which type of foundation is appropriate for buildings with shallow depth requirements?
Which type of foundation is appropriate for buildings with shallow depth requirements?
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Which of the following is the primary purpose of a foundation?
Which of the following is the primary purpose of a foundation?
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What is one of the critical factors to consider in foundation selection related to ground conditions?
What is one of the critical factors to consider in foundation selection related to ground conditions?
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What kind of soil presents the most challenges in foundation construction?
What kind of soil presents the most challenges in foundation construction?
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In assessing site conditions for foundation design, what type of survey is typically conducted?
In assessing site conditions for foundation design, what type of survey is typically conducted?
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How does the depth of good strata influence foundation design?
How does the depth of good strata influence foundation design?
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What is a consideration when evaluating the construction near trees?
What is a consideration when evaluating the construction near trees?
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What is the average loading for a two-storey domestic dwelling constructed traditionally?
What is the average loading for a two-storey domestic dwelling constructed traditionally?
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Which of the following factors does NOT influence the selection of a foundation type?
Which of the following factors does NOT influence the selection of a foundation type?
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Which type of foundation is primarily used for areas with poor soil conditions?
Which type of foundation is primarily used for areas with poor soil conditions?
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What is a major reason for using pile and beam foundations?
What is a major reason for using pile and beam foundations?
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When would mass concrete foundations be considered uneconomical?
When would mass concrete foundations be considered uneconomical?
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What foundation type is ideal when differential settlement might occur?
What foundation type is ideal when differential settlement might occur?
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How far should buildings near trees be positioned according to NHBC Standards?
How far should buildings near trees be positioned according to NHBC Standards?
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What is the primary benefit of using trench blocks in substructure walls?
What is the primary benefit of using trench blocks in substructure walls?
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What indicates that substructure walls are ready for backfill?
What indicates that substructure walls are ready for backfill?
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What should be evaluated when considering the bearing capacity of soil for foundation design?
What should be evaluated when considering the bearing capacity of soil for foundation design?
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Study Notes
Foundation Types
- Strip foundations are commonly used on firm ground like rock, gravel, dense sand, or stiff clay
- Wider strip foundations are needed on softer ground like clay or sandy clay
- Pile foundations are used when traditional foundations are not suitable due to low bearing capacity, made-up ground, high water table, high moisture movement, or compressible soil layers
Foundation Considerations
- The average load for a traditional two-storey domestic dwelling is between 30 - 50 kN/m2
- Foundation design depends on ground conditions, structure, location, and cost
- Factors related to ground conditions that impact foundation selection include bearing capacity, depth of good strata, composition of the ground, ground level, and gradients
Construction Sequence
- Secure the construction site and establish clear boundaries
- Strip the topsoil and store it for landscaping at project completion
- Deliver hardcore (MOT type 1 or 2) to the site
- Spread and compact base material for a working surface
- Set out foundation lines using string lines, profiles, or coordinates
- Excavate trenches using appropriate equipment
- Inspect foundation levels before pouring concrete
- Substructure walls can be built with trench blocks or cavity blockwork
Foundation Problems
- Foundations cast on clay must account for seasonal movement caused by moisture content changes in the clay
Pad Foundations
- Pad foundations are often used for columns.
- Mass concrete foundations may be used where building loads are high.
- If loads are high, reinforcement is needed.
Raft Foundations
- Raft foundations are used when the bearing capacity of the soil is low or differential settlements may occur.
Pile and Beam Foundations
- Pile and beam foundations are used where traditional strip foundations are not suitable, particularly in the cases of:
- Low bearing capacity of the subsoil
- Made-up ground
- High water table
- High moisture movement of the subsoil
- Presence of highly compressible layers such as peat.
Building Near Trees
- Building near trees can cause problems with foundations, especially in clay soils.
- The NHBC Standards provide recommendations for identifying hazards and ensuring satisfactory foundation construction.
- Where trees are in rows, the minimum distance from the building should be 1.5 times the height of the tree.
Learning Outcomes
- Understand the different types of foundations
- Understand the relationship between ground conditions and types of foundations
- Appreciate the considerations for building near trees
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Description
Explore the various types of foundations used in construction, including strip and pile foundations. Understand the considerations involved in foundation design based on ground conditions and structural loads. This quiz covers essential construction sequences and factors affecting foundation selection.
