Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of a shallow foundation?
To transfer structural loads from beams, columns, and slabs to the soil
What is the defining characteristic of a deep foundation?
The depth of the foundation is greater than its width
What is the primary purpose of tension piles?
To resist uplift forces through friction with the soil
What type of pile is typically used as a fender to protect structures in the sea?
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What is the function of a caisson in foundation construction?
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What is the primary difference between a shallow and deep foundation?
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Which type of foundation is typically used for structures in the sea?
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What is the primary mechanism by which tension piles resist uplift forces?
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Study Notes
Soil Composition
- Soil is a mixture of minerals, dead and living organisms (organic materials), air, and water.
Foundation Types
- Shallow Foundation: ratio of Depth of foundation to Width is less than or equal to 1.
- Deep Foundation: ratio of Depth of foundation to Width exceeds 1.
Load Transfer
- Structural loads are transferred from Beams, Columns, and Slabs to the foundation.
- The foundation transfers the entire load to small areas.
Pile Foundations
- Tension piles (also known as uplift piles or anchor piles) resist uplift forces that might cause extraction from the ground.
- Uplift forces can develop from hydrostatic pressure, seismic activity, or overturning moments.
- Tensile force resistance is due to friction with the soil on the surface of the pile.
Specialized Piles
- Fender piles: used to protect structures in the sea from damage caused by abrasion or collision of a ship; usually made of wood.
Caisson
- A watertight structure used as an "anchor" for a foundation.
- Used as the base of a structure on the floor of a body of water (e.g., a fixed pier).
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