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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of a shallow foundation?
What is the primary function of a shallow foundation?
- To transfer structural loads from beams, columns, and slabs to the soil (correct)
- To protect structures in the sea from abrasion or collision
- To resist uplift forces caused by hydrostatic pressure or seismic activity
- To serve as an anchor for a floating pier
What is the defining characteristic of a deep foundation?
What is the defining characteristic of a deep foundation?
- The foundation is used to anchor a floating structure
- The depth of the foundation is greater than its width (correct)
- The foundation is made of wood to protect against abrasion
- The foundation is designed to resist uplift forces
What is the primary purpose of tension piles?
What is the primary purpose of tension piles?
- To resist uplift forces through friction with the soil (correct)
- To transfer structural loads to the soil
- To protect structures from collision or abrasion
- To serve as an anchor for a floating pier
What type of pile is typically used as a fender to protect structures in the sea?
What type of pile is typically used as a fender to protect structures in the sea?
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What is the function of a caisson in foundation construction?
What is the function of a caisson in foundation construction?
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What is the primary difference between a shallow and deep foundation?
What is the primary difference between a shallow and deep foundation?
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Which type of foundation is typically used for structures in the sea?
Which type of foundation is typically used for structures in the sea?
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What is the primary mechanism by which tension piles resist uplift forces?
What is the primary mechanism by which tension piles resist uplift forces?
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Study Notes
Soil Composition
- Soil is a mixture of minerals, dead and living organisms (organic materials), air, and water.
Foundation Types
- Shallow Foundation: ratio of Depth of foundation to Width is less than or equal to 1.
- Deep Foundation: ratio of Depth of foundation to Width exceeds 1.
Load Transfer
- Structural loads are transferred from Beams, Columns, and Slabs to the foundation.
- The foundation transfers the entire load to small areas.
Pile Foundations
- Tension piles (also known as uplift piles or anchor piles) resist uplift forces that might cause extraction from the ground.
- Uplift forces can develop from hydrostatic pressure, seismic activity, or overturning moments.
- Tensile force resistance is due to friction with the soil on the surface of the pile.
Specialized Piles
- Fender piles: used to protect structures in the sea from damage caused by abrasion or collision of a ship; usually made of wood.
Caisson
- A watertight structure used as an "anchor" for a foundation.
- Used as the base of a structure on the floor of a body of water (e.g., a fixed pier).
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