Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which statement accurately describes reinforced concrete?

It is primarily used in non-structural applications.

It is solely a mixture of cement and water.

It lacks any tensile properties.

It is a combination of concrete and steel where steel enhances tensile strength. (correct)

What is the primary purpose of stirrups in concrete construction?

To distribute the cement evenly.

To improve the aesthetic appearance of the concrete.

To facilitate the curing process.

To hold reinforcement bars together and resist lateral loads. (correct)

Which of the following best defines creep in the context of concrete?

The immediate settling of concrete after pouring.

Additional deformation caused by long-term loads. (correct)

A mixture of water and cement that creates a paste.

The shrinking of concrete due to moisture loss.

What is the characteristic of a pedestal in structural design?

It has a ratio of height-to-least lateral dimension less than or equal to three. Signup and view all the answers

Which force is described as acting parallel or tangential to a surface?

Shear Signup and view all the answers

What does development length refer to in concrete reinforcement?

The minimum length of embedment necessary for stressing reinforcement bars. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stress is described as contact pressure between separate bodies?

Bearing stress Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding the properties of concrete is false?

Concrete gains strength only through the addition of steel. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of common loading in a structure?

Hydrostatic load Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary reasons reinforced concrete is favored for structures exposed to water?

It has great resistance to fire and water Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the tensile bars in columns is accurate when subjected to axial compressive loads?

They also experience a moment that initiates yielding. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical unit weight of concrete if not stated otherwise?

23.6 kN/m^3 Signup and view all the answers

Among the following structural elements, which is typically required to support vertical loads?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a commonly cited disadvantage of using steel in construction?

Reduced strength at elevated temperatures Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical load combination considered for structural design?

1.2 DL + 1.6 LL Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a windward side in a structure?

The side that is hit directly by the wind Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Concrete

Concrete is a mixture of sand, gravel, crushed rock, and other aggregates bound together with cement and water.
Concrete is known for its compressive strength but lacks tensile strength.

Reinforced Concrete

Reinforced Concrete is a combination of concrete and steel.
Steel provides tensile strength to the concrete.

Shrinkage

Shrinkage is the contraction of hardened concrete due to moisture loss.

Creep

Creep is the additional deformation in concrete caused by long-term loading.

Stirrups

Stirrups are closed loops of reinforcement bars.
The main function of stirrups is to hold reinforcement bars together in beams and resist lateral loads.

Columns

Columns are vertical structural members that support axial compressive loads.

Pedestals

Pedestals are structural members with a height-to-least lateral dimension of three or less.
Pedestals also support axial compressive loads.

Ties and Spirals

Ties and spirals are used in columns to maintain the vertical position of longitudinal bars and resist buckling.

Development Length

Development Length is the minimum embedment length of bars required to reach their yield point plus extra length for member toughness.

Footings and Foundations

Footings and foundations are the bottom parts of a building that spread the weight of the structure onto the ground.
They create a load-bearing point between the structure and the ground.

Shear

Shear is a force parallel or tangential to a surface causing deformation or sliding.

Torsion

Torsion is the twisting or wrenching of a body by forces tending to turn one end while the other is held fast or turned in the opposite direction.

Bearing

Bearing stress is the contact pressure between separate bodies.
It differs from compressive stress, which is an internal stress caused by compressive forces.

Axial

Axial force is a force acting perpendicular to an area of a body causing extension or compression.

Strain

Strain is the deformation of a material caused by stress.
It's the ratio of change in length to the original length.

False Statements

Concrete does not have considerable tensile strength per unit cost compared to most materials.
A higher grade of skilled labor is not required for the erection of reinforced concrete structures compared to other materials like structural steel.
The "cracked stage" of flexural behavior of beams is not described as “when at small loads, when the tensile stresses are less than the modulus of rupture, the entire cross-section of the beam resists bending”.
Epoxy-coated rebars do not require a longer embedment length.
You must observe a 2-meter setback for non-habitable areas of your house to your property line.

True Statements

Reinforced concrete has great resistance to fire and water.
Reinforced concrete is low-maintenance and has a long service life.
Flexure, shear, and torsion are the governing stresses in beams.
When a column is subjected to axial compressive load, it experiences a moment that initiates yielding in tensile bars.
Steel has a high strength-to-weight ratio.
Steel's strength is reduced when heated.
Commonly, a lower grade of skilled labor is required for the erection of reinforced concrete structures compared to other materials like structural steel.
The minimum distance from the outermost part of the wall of your house to the outermost part of the wall of the neighbor's house should be at least 4 meters.

NSCP

Stands for National Structural Code of the Philippines

ASEP

Stands for Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines

Common Loadings in Structures

Dead Load (weight of building materials)
Live Load (weight of people, furniture, equipment)
Earthquake Load (force due to seismic activity)
Wind Load (force due to wind)

Common Structural Elements

Beams
Columns
Footings/Foundations/Fixed
Slabs
Trusses

NBCP, NSCP and Martial Law

Published in 1972

Most Common Load Combination

1.2 DL + 1.6 LL

Unit Weight of Concrete

23.6 kN/m^3

Building Type Descriptions Based on NBCP

Type 1: One-story building
Type 2: Two-story building with flat/pitched roof with attic
Type 3: Three-story building with flat/pitched roof with attic
Type 4: Buildings of any height with a flat or pitched roof with an attic or additional story, but does not go beyond the fourth floor
Type 5: Buildings of any height with a flat or pitched roof with an attic or additional story, and goes beyond the fourth floor

Components of Concrete

Water
Cement
Sand (Fine Aggregates)
Gravel (Coarse Aggregates)

Wind Load Terms

Windward (Side of the structure facing the wind)
Leeward (Side of the structure facing away from the wind)

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Description

Test your knowledge on concrete and its properties, including reinforced concrete components. Explore concepts like shrinkage, creep, and structural elements such as columns and pedestals. This quiz will challenge your understanding of fundamental civil engineering principles.