Conceptual Physics Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is speed?

How fast something moves; the distance traveled per unit of time.

What is velocity?

The speed of an object and a specification of its direction of motion.

What is a vector quantity?

Quantity in physics that has both magnitude and direction.

What is acceleration?

The rate at which velocity changes with time; the change in velocity may be in magnitude, or direction, or both. Signup and view all the answers

What is free fall?

Motion under the influence of gravity only. Signup and view all the answers

Speed = ______

Distance / Time Signup and view all the answers

Average speed = ______

Total distance covered / Time interval Signup and view all the answers

Acceleration = ______

Change of velocity / Time interval Signup and view all the answers

Acceleration (along a straight line) = ______

Change in speed / Time interval Signup and view all the answers

Velocity acquired in free fall, from rest; v = ______

gt Signup and view all the answers

Distance fallen in free fall, from rest; d = ______

½ gt² Signup and view all the answers

Motion is relative.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is linear motion?

Motion along a straight-line path. Signup and view all the answers

What is instantaneous speed?

Speed at any instant. Signup and view all the answers

What is constant velocity?

Motion in a straight line at a constant speed. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when either speed or direction changes?

Then the velocity changes. Signup and view all the answers

What is constant speed?

Steady speed. Signup and view all the answers

The two measurements necessary for calculating average speed are ______

Distance and time Signup and view all the answers

If a horse gallops a distance of 10 kilometers in a time of 30 minutes, what is its average speed?

20 km/h Signup and view all the answers

If a car maintains a constant velocity of 100 km/hr for 10 seconds, what is its acceleration?

Zero Signup and view all the answers

Twelve seconds after starting from rest, what will be the speed of an object falling freely?

More than 100 m/s Signup and view all the answers

In each second of fall, the distance a freely falling object will fall is increasing.

True Signup and view all the answers

If you drop a rock from a 5-m height, how does its acceleration compare to being dropped from a height of 2.5 m?

The same Signup and view all the answers

At one instant, if a heavy object in the air is moving upward at 50 meters per second, what is its speed one second later?

Approximately 40 m/s Signup and view all the answers

If a projectile is fired straight up at a speed of 10 m/s, how long does it take to reach the top of its path?

About 1 second Signup and view all the answers

Acceleration is not velocity, nor is it even a change in velocity; it is [blank]

The rate at which velocity itself changes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Concepts in Linear Motion

Speed: Defined as distance traveled per unit of time, indicating how fast an object moves.
Velocity: Combines speed with a directional component, defining both how fast and in what direction an object moves.
Vector Quantity: A physical quantity that possesses both magnitude (size) and direction, e.g., velocity and acceleration.
Acceleration: Measures how quickly an object’s velocity changes, which can be due to a change in speed, direction, or both.
Free Fall: Describes the motion of an object influenced only by gravity, without any other forces acting on it.

Equations and Calculations

Speed Equation: Speed = Distance / Time.
Average Speed Equation: Average Speed = Total Distance Covered / Time Interval.
Acceleration Equation: Acceleration = Change of Velocity / Time Interval.
Acceleration (along a straight line): A measure of the change in speed over time.
Velocity in Free Fall: When falling from rest, velocity can be calculated using v = gt, where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Distance Fallen in Free Fall: Can be derived from d = ½ gt², representing how far the object falls over time.

Motion Characteristics

Relative Motion: All motion is measured relative to a frame of reference.
Linear Motion: Involves movement along a straight line.
Instantaneous Speed: The speed of an object at any precise moment in time.
Constant Velocity: Occurs when an object moves in a straight line at a uniform speed.
Changing Velocity: Happens when there is a change in speed or direction (or both).

Average Speed and Examples

Necessary Measurements: Average speed calculations require both distance and time.
Example of Average Speed: A horse covering 10 km in 30 minutes has an average speed of 20 km/h.
Acceleration Example: A car traveling at a constant velocity of 100 km/h for 10 seconds experiences zero acceleration.

Free Fall Dynamics

Speed After 12 Seconds: An object in free fall from rest reaches speeds exceeding 100 m/s after 12 seconds.
Increasing Fall Distance: Each second of free fall results in an increased distance fallen due to constant acceleration.
Acceleration Consistency: Dropping a rock from heights of 5 m or 2.5 m shows that the acceleration due to gravity remains about the same.

Projectile Motion

Upward Motion: A heavy object moving upward at 50 m/s will slow to about 40 m/s after 1 second due to gravity.
Projectile Time to Top: For a projectile fired straight up at 10 m/s, reaching the peak takes approximately 1 second.

Understanding Acceleration

Nature of Acceleration: It is defined as the rate at which an object's velocity changes over time, distinct from being merely a change in speed or velocity itself.

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Description

Test your understanding of linear motion with these flashcards covering key terms such as speed, velocity, vector quantity, and acceleration. Each term is defined to help reinforce your learning of the concepts in Chapter 3 of Conceptual Physics. Perfect for quick revision and self-assessment!