42 Questions
What are the two main characteristics of a vector quantity?
Magnitude and direction
What is the key difference between a scalar and a vector quantity?
A scalar has only magnitude, while a vector has both magnitude and direction
What two methods are used to find the direction of the resultant of two vectors?
The triangle and parallelogram law
What mathematical techniques can be used to find the perpendicular components of a vector?
Trigonometry and Pythagoras theorem
Give an example of a vector quantity
Displacement
What is the unit of speed?
ms-1
What is the formula that relates distance, speed, and time?
s = d t
What is the characteristic of speed that distinguishes it from a vector quantity?
It has no direction
What is the primary difference between displacement and distance?
Displacement is the distance in a given direction, whereas distance is the total length of the path travelled.
What is the formula for velocity?
Velocity is the rate of change of displacement with respect to time. v = s/t
What is the unit of velocity in the SI system?
The unit of velocity is ms^-1.
How does the concept of velocity differ from the concept of speed?
Velocity is a vector quantity that includes both magnitude and direction, whereas speed is a scalar quantity that only includes magnitude.
Under what condition would an object fall with an acceleration due to gravity 'g'?
In the absence of air resistance and near the earth's surface.
What is the implication for body moving at constant speed of acceleration being a vector quantity?
A body can have acceleration even if its speed remains constant, as long as it is changing direction.
What is the significance of the acceleration 'g' in the context of gravity?
It is the acceleration due to gravity that all objects near the earth's surface would fall with in the absence of air resistance.
What is the relationship between velocity and acceleration?
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
What is the formula for acceleration in terms of intitial velovity, final velocity and time?
a = v-u / t
What is the relationship between an object's acceleration and its velocity, as described by the equation v = u + at?
The acceleration of an object is the rate of change of its velocity, and the equation v = u + at shows that the final velocity of an object is equal to its initial velocity plus the product of its acceleration and time.
What is the second equation of motion?
s = ut + 1/2 at^2 The equation s = ut + 1/2 at^2 describes the relationship between an object's displacement and its acceleration by showing that the displacement of an object is equal to the product of its initial velocity and time, plus half the product of its acceleration and the square of the time.
What is the third equation of motion?
v^2 = u^2 + 2as The equation v^2 = u^2 + 2as shows that the square of an object's final velocity is equal to the square of its initial velocity, plus twice the product of its acceleration and displacement, and is a fundamental concept in the calculation of an object's kinetic energy.
How does the concept of acceleration relate to the concept of velocity?
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, and is a measure of how quickly an object's velocity is changing, whereas velocity is a measure of an object's speed in a specific direction.
What is the significance of the variables u and v in the equations of motion?
The variables u and v represent the initial and final velocities of an object, respectively, and are used to describe the motion of an object under constant acceleration.
What is the physical quantity that measures the amount of matter in a body, and what is its unit in the SI system?
Mass, and its unit is kilogram (kg)
What is the product of an object's mass and velocity, and what is its unit in the SI system?
Momentum, and its unit is kilogram meter per second (kg.m/s^-1)
State the principle of conservation of momentum, and explain its significance in a closed system.
The principle of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum before an interaction is equal to the total momentum after, within a closed system. This principle is significant because it implies that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant, regardless of the interactions within the system.
Write an equation that represents the principle of conservation of momentum for a two-object system, and explain the variables used in the equation.
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2, where m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects, and u1, u2, v1, and v2 are their initial and final velocities, respectively.
What is the condition required for the principle of conservation of momentum to be applicable, and why is it important in physics?
The condition required is that the system must be closed, meaning that no external forces or torques act on the system. This principle is important because it allows us to analyze and predict the outcomes of collisions and other interactions.
What is the unit of force in the International System of Units (SI), and what is the definition of one unit of this force?
The unit of force is Newton (N), and one Newton is the force that gives a mass of 1 kilogram an acceleration of 1 ms^-2.
What is the relationship between three forces that keep a particle at rest?
The resultant of any two of them is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the third force.
What is the main formula involving force?
F = ma
What is the condition required for a particle to be at rest, in terms of the forces acting on it?
Three forces acting on the particle must be balanced, such that the resultant of any two of them is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the third force.
What is the definition of a force, and how does it relate to the motion of an object?
A force is something that causes acceleration, and it affects the motion of an object by changing its velocity or causing it to change direction.
What is the unit of force, and how is it defined in terms of mass and acceleration?
The unit of force is the Newton (N), which is defined as the force that gives a mass of 1 kilogram an acceleration of 1 m/s².
What is the condition for three forces to keep a particle at rest?
The resultant of any two of the forces is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the third force.
What is the relationship between force and acceleration, according to Newton's laws?
Force (F) is equal to the product of mass (m) and acceleration (a), or F = ma.
What is the net force on an object that is at rest, and what are the implications for the forces acting on it?
The net force on an object at rest is zero, implying that the sum of all the forces acting on the object is equal to zero.
How does the concept of force relate to the motion of an object, according to Newton's laws?
A force is something that causes an object to accelerate, and the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force applied and inversely proportional to its mass.
What is the fundamental principle underlying Newton's First Law of Motion?
A body remains at rest or continues moving at constant velocity unless acted upon by a resultant external force.
How does the direction of the force applied to an object affect its momentum?
The rate of change of momentum is proportional to the applied force and takes place in the direction of the force.
What is the relationship between the action and reaction forces in an interaction between two objects?
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What is the physical quantity that is proportional to the rate of change of momentum when a force is applied to an object?
The force (F) is proportional to the rate of change of momentum (dp/dt).
What is the condition under which an object's velocity remains constant?
When the net force acting on an object is zero.
Test your understanding of vectors and scalars, including their definitions and how to calculate the resultant of two vectors using the triangle and parallelogram law. This quiz also covers the application of trigonometry and Pythagoras theorem to find perpendicular components of a vector.
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