Concepts of Science and Technology

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Questions and Answers

What is the fundamental understanding of science according to early definitions?

Knowledge approved after centuries of modifications. (correct)

A series of experiments without theoretical backing.

Knowledge that has undergone modern validation.

A collection of facts with no systematic approach.

Which of the following does NOT align with Islamic teachings regarding science and technology?

It restricts scientific exploration to religious texts. (correct)

It supports the development of science for human benefit.

It encourages the pursuit of knowledge.

It views education as essential for preventing ignorance.

What does the term 'fardhu kifayah' imply in the context of science and technology?

It is an optional duty for individuals.

It refers to personal achievements in science.

It signifies a prohibition against scientific endeavors.

It is a communal obligation to pursue knowledge. (correct)

Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with the definition of modern science?

Knowledge that can be subjective and relative. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered essential for promoting a culture of knowledge according to Islamic teachings?

Education that incorporates beneficial knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

According to the concept of science, what does the term 'scientia' signify?

Knowledge or understanding. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary concern of science studies in relation to Islamic perspectives?

They often misrepresent Islamic knowledge as secular. Signup and view all the answers

How has the definition of science evolved over time?

It is now viewed as both systematic and testable knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of dividing knowledge into religious and worldly categories?

Feelings of low self-esteem due to perceived distance from religion Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main divisions of knowledge mentioned?

Fardu ain and Fardu kifayah Signup and view all the answers

Which approach in the philosophy of technology deals with the implications of technology on human nature?

Anthropological Approach Signup and view all the answers

How does the ontological approach define technology in contrast to science?

Technology is seen as preceding and modifying human nature. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of scientific methodology according to the provided content?

To understand the natural world through observations and predictions Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'technoscience' signify?

The interrelation of science and technology Signup and view all the answers

How is science described in the context provided?

A structured and organized group of knowledge about natural phenomena Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a branch of science classified as fardu kifayah becomes urgently necessary?

It is transformed into fardu ain. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the rapid development of science and technology have on human life?

Facilitation of life Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between science and technology as described in the content?

Science is theoretical while technology is practical Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Techne' refer to in the context of technology's etymology?

Art or handwork Signup and view all the answers

Which approach studies the structure and justification of technology?

Epistemological Approach Signup and view all the answers

According to the definitions provided, how is technology primarily characterized?

As practical knowledge associated with industrial processes Signup and view all the answers

What role does human reasoning play in science as described in the content?

It aids in understanding and investigating natural phenomena Signup and view all the answers

How does Sardar describe the challenges of defining technology?

It becomes increasingly difficult to define as one approaches its social impact Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities is NOT involved in the scientific methodology as mentioned?

Market analysis Signup and view all the answers

What marked the beginning of the pre-revolutionary phase of technology development?

The sharpening of stones for cutting meat Signup and view all the answers

Which significant structure was constructed in 1884 that reflected advancements in technology during phase II?

The Home Insurance Building Signup and view all the answers

What advancement characterized the technology revolution phase I?

Use of static items for creating new results Signup and view all the answers

Which tool did early humans NOT use in the pre-revolutionary phase according to historical context?

Iron tools Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the critical considerations mentioned for the management of modern technology in phase III?

Managing complexity to avoid being slaves to technology. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a creative achievement of early humans during the pre-revolutionary phase?

The construction of large stone structures Signup and view all the answers

What innovation was particularly highlighted in phase II of technology development?

The combination of various components to create machines Signup and view all the answers

What primary function did fire serve for early humans in the pre-revolutionary phase?

For protection against wild animals Signup and view all the answers

What was the first revelation to Prophet Muhammad SAW focused on?

The significance of reading Signup and view all the answers

According to Islam, what is mandatory for every Muslim?

Seeking knowledge Signup and view all the answers

What does al-Ghazali's classification of knowledge include?

Compulsory (fardu ain) and obligatory (fardu kifayah) Signup and view all the answers

How does Islam view the relationship between knowledgeable and ignorant individuals?

Knowledgeable individuals are elevated to higher ranks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the scientific themes touched upon in the Qur'an?

Chemistry Signup and view all the answers

What concept related to Earth is mentioned in the Qur'an?

Round shape of the earth Signup and view all the answers

What encourages people to reflect on their surroundings according to the Qur'an?

Verses that promote observation and thinking Signup and view all the answers

What does the Qur'an provide indications about, aside from religious laws?

Scientific explorations Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Concept of Science

Science is a systematic knowledge based on observable facts.
Science has evolved from simply being 'knowledge' to a structured and organized field.

Defining Science

Science is the organized body of knowledge that can be tested and proven factual.
Science is a study of phenomena in the natural world through observation and experiments.

Concept of Technology

Technology is derived from the Greek words "Techne" (art or hand work) and "Logos" (systematic discourse).
Technology is practical knowledge, in contrast to science which is more theoretical.

Technology Definition

Technology is the application of knowledge to practical tasks using tools, processes, and techniques.
Technology can be seen as a social impact rather than just a definition.

More Accurate Division of Knowledge

Knowledge is divided into fardu ain (individual obligation) and fardu kifayah (social obligation).
This division encourages positive thinking about science education within the Muslim community.

Philosophy of Technology

There are three main approaches to the philosophy of technology:
- Epistemological Approach: investigates the structure, conditions, and justifications of technology as a form of knowledge.
- Anthropological Approach: emphasizes the links between technology and human nature.
- Ontological Approach: sees technology as a modification of the world by human beings.

Technoscience

In the 20th century, science and technology have become intertwined, leading to the concept of "technoscience".

History of Technology Development

Technological development can be divided into three phases:
- Pre-Revolutionary Phase: characterized by basic tools and solutions for survival needs.
- Technological Revolution Phase I: marked by the combination of components to create more complex machines.
- Technological Revolution Phase II: characterized by sophisticated discoveries and complex systems aimed at improving quality of life.

Science and Technology in an Islamic Perspective

Islam emphasizes seeking knowledge and encourages education.
Seeking knowledge is an obligation for every Muslim.
The Holy Quran promotes knowledge and contains scientific themes such as astronomy, biology, and cosmology.
The Qur'an encourages people to think, observe, and understand the world around them.
Islam recognizes the importance of science and technology as tools for the benefit of humanity.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of science and technology through this quiz. Delve into the definitions, distinctions, and applications of these fields. Understand how science evolves and how technology impacts society.