Conceptos básicos de computación

• These notes cover various computer and software-related topics, including system operation, file management, AI language models, audio formats, and image formats.

Encendido y Apagado (Power On and Off)

• To shut down the PC completely, navigate to Inicio/Apagado > Apagar.
• The "Reposo" (Sleep) mode conserves energy. It allows for a faster start-up while keeping you at the point where you left off.
• Windows saves your work and shuts down the equipment if the battery is too low.
• "Hibernar" (Hibernate) is designed for laptops, not all devices have it. Hibernation uses less energy than sleep mode.
• When the equipment restarts, it brings you to the point where you left off.
• Use hibernation for extended periods without using the laptop or tablet, especially if recharging isn't available.

Interfaz del Sistema Operativo (Operating System Interface)

• The interface is the way a user interacts with the OS. It could be a command window, a graphical desktop, or a start menu.

Manejo de Directorios (Directory Management)

• A directory, or folder, is a virtual container for files and subdirectories, based on user-defined criteria.
• The directory stores information about the files, such as their attributes and physical location.
• The file path is the route from the root directory to the file's location.
• Directories and files can be identified with OS tools, also displaying creation/modification dates, users, and access rights.

Copiar, Cortar y Pegar (Copy, Cut, and Paste)

• Files and folders can be copied and moved in different ways using the file explorer.
• Choose the element, on the Inicio tab choose copy or cut, then go to the new location and paste.
• Use the options on the Clipboard in the file explorer
• It is possible to open two File Explorer windows side by side and drag elements from one window to the other.
• Use keyboard shortcuts Ctrl+C (copy), Ctrl+X (cut) and Ctrl+V (paste).
• Right-click the element, use the context menu to cut or copy, then right-click in the end location and paste.

Ejecución y Cierre de Aplicaciones (Running and Closing Applications)

• Use the Activity Monitor to close a process, even in a loop or non-responsive.
• You can also send a signal to end it. Admin authentication might be needed to close processes you don't own.
• In Monitor de Actividad select the app or process from the list. Non-responding items are marked as such.
• Select Detener (Stop) button in the top left.
• "Salir" (Quit) is equal to use Archivo > Salir in the app, closing it when safe. The process might not stop to prevent data loss.
• "Forzar Salida" (Force Quit) stops a process at once. Unsaved information linked to the process may be lost.
• To see what proceses are in use, use Visualización > Todos los procesos (Viewing > All Processes).

Credenciales Locales (Local Credentials)

• Windows supports multiple user accounts on a single device.
• This enables each user to customize device settings and applications.
• Parents can have admin accounts, and children standard accounts with parental controls.
• Ensures personalized experience, appropriate access levels, and private data.

Credenciales Web (Web Credentials)

• A Microsoft Account is a free account is required to access Microsoft products and services.
• It's used to log into devices and services like Windows, Xbox, Microsoft 365, Outlook, OneDrive, Bing and Copilot Pro.
• Google accounts maximize Google services by permitting customizable experience of Google and giving access to information.

ChatGPT

• ChatGPT has evolved into a multifunctional assistant with advanced reasoning and content generation.
• It can help with code, writing, brainstorming, and complex explanations.
• It's highly fluent with a natural language.
• Performs multiple task, from programing to telling jokes.
• Available version with decent capabilities.
• Can "hallucinate", and make up the answers.
• The free version is limited.
• The standart version doesn't access the internet in real time.

Gemini

• Known as Bard, it's Google's AI chatbot project with ambitions beyond a simple chatbot. It strives to be a universal assistant comprehending text, images, videos, and even thoughts.
• Gemini aims to integrate with Google's ecosystem, including Google Docs, Gmail, YouTube, and Play Store.
• Integrate Google Services.
• Multimodal porcessing of images and text.
• Web access (advanced).
• Censorship and reasoning may not be as prcise as ChatGPT.
• Performance may depend on the region.

Claude

• Claude's strength are in safety and ethics.
• Excellent for understanding context in extended conversations.
• Commits fewer errors compared to ChatGPT.
• Aims for better privacy and content control.
• Is too cautious and might avoid difficult questions.
• The free access is limite.

Copilot

• Is similar to a helpful coworker good at informe, emails, and presentations.
• It integrates with apps like Word, Excel, Outlook, and Teams for summarization and organization.
• Is an effective to increase workplace efficiency.
• Total integration with Microsoft.
• Use ChatGPT-4 Turbo.
• Paid (Microsoft 365 subcription required).
• Isn't good at casual converstaions.

DeepSeek

• DeepSeek is a recent AI model demonstrating promising performance, especially in text generation and reasoning, despite its relatively new status.
• China is developing the model with less access to NVIDIA chips, showing talent and optimization can overcome technological barriers.
• High efficiency.
• Optimized for programming and technical text.
• Cheaper than the competition.
• May be restricted out of China.
• Limited for spanish-speaking users.

Perplexity

• Perplexity is a search-focused AI model, acting as a search engine.
• Provides precise and up-to-date information by combining text generation with verified sources.
• Has real-time information from sources.
• Less error porbability than others.
• Best for investigation and fast consulting.
• It's not as felxible as other alternatives.
• Has free-usage retrictions.

Ejecución y Cierre de Aplicaciones (Applications Execution and Closure)

• It gives a detailed view in windows of the system performance, especific utilization CPU, memory, disk, and network.
• Access the Administrator de tareas or troubleshoot.
• Open Administrator de tareas of Mac:
• Click the Finder icon in the Dock.
• Select Aplicaciones in the left window.
• In the Aplicaciones folder, select the Utilidades folder, then open it.
• Double-click the Monitor de Actividad icon to open it.
• Use Control+Alt+Suprimir to go to Task Manager in Windows settings.
• Find in the Windows Taskbar

Registro de Usuario (User Registration)

• User registration is crucial for online services, applications and sites.
• A best practice for digital security is using a registration system with email verification.
• Data bteaches are a significant threat to e-commerce. Identity theft, this type of system can prevent, affects many vendors.

Procesado de Documentos PDF (PDF Documents Processing)

• ChatPDF AI is used to analyze the content of the texts that we provide and provides us with the interraction with questions or requests over the content. Questions related to the content are presented AI to obtain responsed.
• You simply have to drag a document to process in the web
• After subir the PDF, the tool will bring questions suggestions.

Transcripción Audio a Texto (Audio to Text Transcription)

• Provides a new means of getting a ChatGPT summary or recording.
• Record short audio annotations over estudies.
• Transcripts of podcasts and the transformation of contents a learning material.
• Transcript from another language inclusion for students.
• A method where students may have learning disabilities, to read the instructions.
• Used www.notta.ai/en/tools/audio-to-text-converter

Formatos de Imagen (Image Formats)

• JPEG is useful for photographs, supporting lossy compression for smaller files.
• PNG maintians transparency making it suitable for web.
• Animated GIFs are used in social madia.
• BMP (Bitmap) files are big and less-used on the web.
• TIFF images are used professionaly, having high quality, but are bigger than most formats.

Generación de Imágenes (Image Generation)

• Generate images is limited to ChatGPT compared to texts.
• When comparing to constant use of texs images are required less to the most.
• Realist images may have bad qualities if concrete objects are involved.
• AI motors can give access that applies these derivative tools include:
• Midjourney
• Stable Diffusion
• DALL-E
• Adobe Firefly.

Presentaciones Multimedia (Multimedia Presentations)

• AI has been added in slides presentations enabling the creation of a slide presentation from a title.
• AI is incorportate into generation of text, and distribution. Just choose themplate on those.
• Just provide a title/idea and automatcially text is addad.
• Aplicaciones requiere a previous registry to try how functions. And you have to pay extra plans.

Formatos de Sonido (Sound Formats)

• MP3 is a most known sound format with loss of data. Works with many devices and has reduced size.
• AAC reduces the space and is idoneous for streaming.
• Open source format is Ogg Vorbis and is used by Spotify although it may involve loose of data.
• WAV format was developed for Microsoft e IBM in 1991.

Conceptos Básicos de la Calidad del Sonido (Basic Concepts of the Sound Quality)

• Audio codecs are programs used to compress data for transmission and decompress it at the receiving end, measured in kbps.
• Lower bitrates result in smaller files but more data loss from compression.
• Other important are sampling rate and depth of bits.

Texto a Audio (Text to Audio)

• From text you provide generate audio in MP3 in voices that you select.
• You can choose from different options (velocidad, tono, etc) including customize cloning a personal voice model.
• Serves to create easily podcats educatibos from any kind of texts.
• Created by the audio that we incorporated in the video it's a fast creator from videos educactivos.

Texto a Audio (Text to Audio)

• Eleven labs is a very easy to use tool, that has interasting funcrionalities and had great results in voice.
• It may be preubed with a minimum charateres in the web
• It allows to generates in various languages with a spanish good functionality.
• https://elevenlabs.io/app/home

Avatares Personalizados (Customized Avatars)

• You can create avatars based on photographs simple and fast.
• these avatars can be a fun to create for graphic material for the class
• Actual tool is Photomaker and artguru

Derechos de Imagen y de autor (Authorship- and Publicity Rights).

• Legally: We may not use in any manner pictures of different people even for educative use.
• Aside authorship the picture protecs the image of the person.
• The user shouldn't take photographs over Internet with famous of the known persone.

ANIMACIÓN DEL AVATAR (AVATAR ANIMATION)

• For this we'll use the Hedra Engine, so we'll have to register with an e-mail for its's use.
• It is limited to 400 units. Every AI creations will coste certain ammount of units.

Directorio (Directory)

• A directory (folder) is a virtual container for grouping files and other subdirectories, based on content, purpose, or user criteria.
• It stores information about files, like attributes and physical location.
• Metaphorically called "carpeta", a paper folder.

Detectores de Textos Realizados por IA (AI Text Reviewers)

• Identifies the probability of having ai written texts with a human or a bot.
• There's are simple wasys of changing the redaction of IA test to appear less compicated without causing a 100% failure por any.
• In a case you are preparing the project text using CHATGPT its recommend retouch words or change frases for customization