Concept of Equilibrium in Chemistry
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Questions and Answers

What is the equilibrium composition of the liquid phase in a mixture of methyl alcohol and water at 50°C and 40 kPa?

  • Predominantly water (correct)
  • Equal amounts of methyl alcohol and water
  • Predominantly methyl alcohol
  • Depends on the initial mixture ratio
  • In the mixture of methyl alcohol and water at 50°C and 40 kPa, what is the most significant factor determining the vapor phase composition?

  • Initial mole fractions of methyl alcohol and water
  • Molar heat capacities of methyl alcohol and water
  • Vapor pressures of methyl alcohol and water (correct)
  • Total pressure inside the system
  • How does Raoult's Law affect the equilibrium compositions in a liquid mixture like acetic acid, acetone, and water at 80°C?

  • It decreases the volatility of all components equally
  • It increases the volatility of all components equally
  • It has no impact on equilibrium compositions
  • It affects each component based on their individual vapor pressures (correct)
  • What does a higher vapor pressure indicate about a component in a liquid mixture?

    <p>Higher volatility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the total pressure is increased in a distillation process, what effect does it have on the equilibrium stages required for separation?

    <p>Increases the number of equilibrium stages needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can changes in temperature impact the separation efficiency in a distillation column?

    <p>The impact depends on the components' boiling points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for phase equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor?

    <p>All of the above conditions must be satisfied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a distillation process, what is the primary driving force for the separation of components?

    <p>All of the above factors contribute to the separation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a continuous distillation process, what is the purpose of the reboiler?

    <p>To provide heat for the vaporization of the bottom liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The material balance equation for a distillation column relates the following quantities:

    <p>Feed flow rate, distillate flow rate, and bottoms flow rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a distillation process, the minimum number of equilibrium stages required for a specified separation is determined by:

    <p>The minimum acceptable purity of the distillate and bottoms products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a distillation column, what is the purpose of the reflux stream?

    <p>To improve the separation between the components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key operating principle behind the distillation process?

    <p>Vapor-liquid equilibrium based on Raoult's law and Dalton's law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents the material balance for a binary distillation system?

    <p>$_A + $_B = 1.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the partial pressure of a component in the vapor phase related to its mole fraction and vapor pressure?

    <p>P_i = y_i P_i^{sat}</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To determine the feed condition for a distillation process, which thermodynamic properties are typically used?

    <p>Vapor pressures and liquid compositions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is commonly used to determine the number of equilibrium stages required for a desired separation in a distillation process?

    <p>Graphical methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the McCabe-Thiele method in distillation calculations?

    <p>To solve a variety of binary distillation problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

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