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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Internet?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Internet?
IRC stands for Internet Relay Communications.
IRC stands for Internet Relay Communications.
False
What does FTP stand for?
What does FTP stand for?
File Transfer Protocol
____ is a system used for reading and posting messages on discussion topics.
____ is a system used for reading and posting messages on discussion topics.
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Match the following Internet functions with their descriptions:
Match the following Internet functions with their descriptions:
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What is the primary function of a browser?
What is the primary function of a browser?
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A home page is the first page of a website.
A home page is the first page of a website.
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What action is typically used to interact with elements on a web page?
What action is typically used to interact with elements on a web page?
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A collection of related web pages is called a ______.
A collection of related web pages is called a ______.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Computers Tools for Information Age Lecture 1-3
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The lecture covers introductions to Information Technology (IT), IT usages and applications, computer architecture, computer networks, the internet, ethical computing, security and privacy, flow charts and computer programming, databases, and artificial intelligence.
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Information societies rely heavily on ICTs. Interaction via ICTs is easier and more effective, making communication immediate and information accessible to everyone.
Parts of a Computer (Diagram)
- The diagram illustrates various computer components: expansion cards, motherboard, CPU cooler, computer case, PSU, SSD, HDD, RS, monitor, keyboard, mouse, and speakers.
Computer Components (Diagram)
- Input devices send data to the processing unit.
- The CPU (central processing unit) executes instructions.
- Memory holds data and programs in use.
- Output devices present the processed data.
- Data is stored and retrieved in secondary storage.
Main Characteristics of a Computer
- Speed – measured in GHz.
- Reliability – the capability of a computer to consistently give the desired output.
- Capacity – measured in GB.
Information System Pillars
- Hardware – the physical components like wires, transistors, and circuits.
- Software – the instructions and data.
- People – the users and operators.
Applications
- Healthcare
- Communication
- Education (e.g., online exams, resources)
- Employment (software, data scientists, cloud analysts, designers, and developers)
- National Security (e.g., face recognition, fingerprint)
- Governance
- Entertainment (e.g., videos, movies, interactive content)
- Finance
- Transportation (e.g., GPS, ride-sharing services, self-driving cars)
- Virtual and Augmented Reality
Computer Definition
- A programmable machine to accept input data, process it into useful output information, and store it for later reuse.
- Processing is done by hardware, directed by software.
Parts of a CPU
- Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
- Registers
- Instruction fetcher
- Instruction decoder
- RAM (Random access memory)
- ROM (Read-only memory)
- Cache
- Bus
- Peripheral devices
Memory and Storage
- Memory (RAM) stores data temporarily.
- Mass storage (e.g., disk drives) stores data permanently.
- Input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse) enter data.
- Output devices (e.g., screen, printer) display data.
- The CPU is the central processing unit.
Data and Information
- Data is raw information in a computer system.
- Information is processed data that is usable.
- Data buses transfer information between components.
Storage Devices
- Disk – a spinning platter storing data magnetically or optically.
- Disk drive – machinery that reads/writes data to a disk.
- Hard disk drive (HDD) – stores data permanently.
- CDROM Drive – reads data from CDs.
- DVD Drive – reads data from DVDs (higher capacity than CDs).
- Floppy Drive (FDD) – stores data on floppy disks.
CPU Diagram (Memory Bus)
- The diagram shows the connection between CPU, ALU, registers, cache memory, instruction decoder, instruction fetcher, main memory (RAM, ROM), and memory bus.
Processor (CPU) Functions
- Converts data into usable information.
- Interprets and executes instructions.
- Communicates with input, output, and storage devices.
Types of Storage
- Secondary storage – long-term storage.
- Primary storage (memory) – temporary storage.
Memory/Primary Storage
- Temporary storage for input data and processing results.
- Stores programs for input-output control.
- Volatile storage (data lost when power is off).
Secondary Storage
- Long-term storage.
- Non-volatile—data persists even without power.
- Examples: magnetic disks (hard disk, diskette), optical disks (CD-ROM, DVD-ROM), and magnetic tapes.
Input Devices
- Accept data/command and convert them to electronic form.
- Examples: keyboard, mouse, scanners, and bar-code readers,
Output Devices
- Convert electronic form to another form (e.g., text, numbers, images, videos, and print).
- Examples: monitor, screen, printer.
Network Definition and Types
- A network connects computers through communications equipment.
- Local area network (LAN) – connects computers nearby.
- Metropolitan area network (MAN) – connects computers between buildings/cities.
- Wide area network (WAN) – connects computers over large distances.
The Internet
- A collection of interconnected networks.
- Has no owner or central management.
- Has no central index for the vast amount of information.
Getting Connected to the Internet
- Users' computers connect to servers via TCP/IP.
- Users access servers through an Internet Service Provider (ISP).
Internet Services
- WWW (World Wide Web) – for browsing.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol) – for transferring files.
- UseNet
- IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
- Bulletin Boards
World Wide Web
- A system of interconnected pages (web pages) that can be accessed via the internet using a software called a browser.
- Users navigate web pages using the mouse to click on text or graphics.
- A web site is a collection of related web pages.
- The home page is the starting page of a website.
Computer Classifications
- By size and power needs. Factors include size of a computer, speed, cost, portability, number of simultaneous users, available software, and typical (intended) usage.
Example Types of Computers
- Desktop computers
- Laptop computers
- Tablets
- Smart phones
- Servers
- Mainframe computers
- Embedded systems
- Weapon systems
- Automobiles
- Gaming systems
- GPS systems
- Robotic systems
- Manufacturing systems
- Wearable devices
- Cameras
- Touch screens
Computer Generations
- The history of computers through different generations starting from Vacuum Tubes, Transistors, to Integrated Circuits, Microprocessors, Artificial Intelligence.
Fifth Generation of Computers
- The use of Artificial Intelligence.
- The use of parallel processing.
- The use of natural language processing.
- Quantum Computing.
- High connectivity.
- High integration (ULSI).
- Low power consumption.
- Increased portability.
- Increased speed.
- Very small and cheaper RAM.
Computer Classification Hierarchy (Pyramid)
- Computers are categorized in a hierarchy pyramid from embedded devices at the bottom to supercomputers at the top, based on computational power and pricing.
Types of Personal Computers
- Personal Computer
- Workstations
- Minicomputers
- Mainframes
- Supercomputers
Top Ten Innovations
- Highlights of 10 recent inventions impacting society, ranging from Drones to 3D printed Bullets, Voice Recognition to flying cars, Virtual Reality to Wearable technology and hard drives filled with Helium.
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Description
This quiz covers the first three lectures on the fundamentals of Information Technology (IT). Topics include computer architecture, networks, ethical computing, and various components of computers. It also highlights the role of ICT in society, enhancing communication and information accessibility.
