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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of an Operating System?
What is the primary function of an Operating System?
Which type of software is used to write software?
Which type of software is used to write software?
What is the main function of a Central Processing Unit (CPU)?
What is the main function of a Central Processing Unit (CPU)?
What is the purpose of Memory (RAM)?
What is the purpose of Memory (RAM)?
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What is a group of interconnected devices that can communicate with each other?
What is a group of interconnected devices that can communicate with each other?
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What are the rules and standards that govern data communication?
What are the rules and standards that govern data communication?
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What is the physical and logical arrangement of devices in a network?
What is the physical and logical arrangement of devices in a network?
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What is malicious software designed to harm or exploit a computer system?
What is malicious software designed to harm or exploit a computer system?
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What are devices that connect and manage network traffic?
What are devices that connect and manage network traffic?
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सอฟ्टवेयर विकास जीवन चक्र के कौन से चरण में सॉफ्टवेयर की आवश्यकताओं और विनिर्देशों को परिभाषित किया जाता है?
सอฟ्टवेयर विकास जीवन चक्र के कौन से चरण में सॉफ्टवेयर की आवश्यकताओं और विनिर्देशों को परिभाषित किया जाता है?
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कौन सा सॉफ्टवेयर प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा में उपयोग किया जाता है?
कौन सा सॉफ्टवेयर प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा में उपयोग किया जाता है?
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ओपन-सोर्स सॉफ्टवेयर क्या है?
ओपन-सोर्स सॉफ्टवेयर क्या है?
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मलवेयर क्या है?
मलवेयर क्या है?
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एंक्रिप्शन क्या है?
एंक्रिप्शन क्या है?
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संचारी प्रोग्रामिंग क्या है?
संचारी प्रोग्रामिंग क्या है?
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कौन सा सॉफ्टवेयर हानि या हमला करने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है?
कौन सा सॉफ्टवेयर हानि या हमला करने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है?
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सॉफ्टवेयर सुरक्षा क्या है?
सॉफ्टवेयर सुरक्षा क्या है?
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सॉफ्टवेयर विकास जीवन चक्र में कौन सा चरण सॉफ्टवेयर की जाँच और सत्यापन के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है?
सॉफ्टवेयर विकास जीवन चक्र में कौन सा चरण सॉफ्टवेयर की जाँच और सत्यापन के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है?
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Study Notes
Computer Components
Software
-
Operating System (OS): manages computer hardware and provides common services to computer programs
- Examples: Windows, macOS, Linux
-
Application Software: performs specific tasks or functions
- Examples: Microsoft Office, Google Chrome, Adobe Photoshop
-
Programming Languages: used to write software
- Examples: Python, Java, C++
-
Malware: malicious software designed to harm or exploit a computer system
- Examples: viruses, trojans, spyware
Hardware
-
Central Processing Unit (CPU): executes instructions and performs calculations
- Examples: Intel Core i5, AMD Ryzen 5
-
Memory (RAM): temporary storage for data and applications
- Examples: 4GB, 8GB, 16GB
-
Storage: permanent storage for data and applications
- Examples: Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Solid-State Drive (SSD)
-
Input/Output Devices: allow users to interact with the computer
- Examples: keyboard, mouse, monitor
Networking
-
Network: a group of interconnected devices that can communicate with each other
- Examples: Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), Internet
-
Network Protocols: rules and standards that govern data communication
- Examples: TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP
-
Network Devices: devices that connect and manage network traffic
- Examples: routers, switches, modems
-
Network Topology: physical and logical arrangement of devices in a network
- Examples: bus, star, ring, mesh
Computer Components
Software
- Operating System (OS) manages computer hardware and provides common services to computer programs, with examples being Windows, macOS, and Linux.
- Application Software performs specific tasks or functions, such as Microsoft Office, Google Chrome, and Adobe Photoshop.
- Programming Languages are used to write software, including Python, Java, and C++.
- Malware is malicious software designed to harm or exploit a computer system, including viruses, trojans, and spyware.
Hardware
- Central Processing Unit (CPU) executes instructions and performs calculations, with examples being Intel Core i5 and AMD Ryzen 5.
- Memory (RAM) provides temporary storage for data and applications, with common sizes being 4GB, 8GB, and 16GB.
- Storage provides permanent storage for data and applications, with examples being Hard Disk Drive (HDD) and Solid-State Drive (SSD).
- Input/Output Devices allow users to interact with the computer, including keyboards, mice, and monitors.
Networking
- A Network is a group of interconnected devices that can communicate with each other, including Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), and the Internet.
- Network Protocols are rules and standards that govern data communication, such as TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP.
- Network Devices connect and manage network traffic, including routers, switches, and modems.
- Network Topology refers to the physical and logical arrangement of devices in a network, with examples being bus, star, ring, and mesh topologies.
Software
Types of Software:
- System software manages computer hardware components and provides a platform for running application software.
- Examples of system software include operating systems, device drivers, and utilities.
- Application software performs specific tasks or functions for the user.
- Examples of application software include word processors, web browsers, and games.
- Programming languages are used to write software programs.
- Examples of programming languages include Python, Java, C++, and JavaScript.
Software Development:
- Programming paradigms are approaches to writing software.
- Object-oriented programming (OOP) organizes code using objects and classes.
- Procedural programming focuses on procedures and functions.
- Functional programming emphasizes pure functions and immutability.
- The software development life cycle includes five stages: analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.
- Analysis involves defining requirements and specifications.
- Design involves creating a detailed design plan.
- Implementation involves writing the code.
- Testing involves verifying the software meets requirements.
- Maintenance involves updating and fixing the software.
Software Licensing:
- Proprietary software is owned by a company or individual, with restrictions on use and modification.
- Examples of proprietary software include Microsoft Windows and Adobe Photoshop.
- Open-source software is freely available, with source code that can be modified and distributed.
- Examples of open-source software include Linux and Apache.
- Free software is available at no cost, with or without source code.
- Examples of free software include Google Chrome and OpenOffice.
Software Security:
- Threats to software include malware, phishing, and SQL injection.
- Malware is malicious software, such as viruses and trojans.
- Phishing involves attempting to obtain sensitive information through deception.
- SQL injection involves injecting malicious code into databases.
- Security measures to protect software include encryption, firewalls, and access control.
- Encryption involves encrypting data to prevent unauthorized access.
- Firewalls block unauthorized access to a network.
- Access control limits access to authorized users.
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Description
Learn about the different types of software components, including operating systems, application software, programming languages, and malware. Understand their functions and examples.
