11 Questions
What is the main purpose of using a spreadsheet in business?
To organize, analyze, and present data in a structured manner.
Differentiate between 'Bring forward' and 'send backward' option in the arrange group with an example.
The 'Bring forward' option moves an object to the front, while 'Send backward' moves it a step back in the layer order. For example, bringing a logo to the front on a presentation slide.
What is the difference between Physical Address and Logical Address in data communication?
Physical Address refers to the hardware address assigned to a device, while Logical Address is the address used by the network protocol.
Explain the properties of a good system.
A good system should be reliable, efficient, maintainable, and secure.
Define 'topologies' in the context of computer networks.
Topologies refer to the physical or logical layout of a network, defining how devices are connected and how data is transmitted.
Explain ISO's OSI Model or TCP/IP Model in detail with layers.
The OSI model has 7 layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. The TCP/IP model has 4 layers: Network Interface, Internet, Transport, and Application.
What is the difference between RAM and ROM?
RAM is volatile memory used for temporary storage, while ROM is non-volatile memory used for permanent storage.
Define CPU and microprocessor and explain their major parts.
CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the brain of the computer responsible for processing instructions. The microprocessor is the main component of the CPU, containing the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), control unit, and registers.
Explain the difference between Application software and System software.
Application software is designed for specific tasks like word processing, while System software manages the hardware and provides a platform for applications to run.
What are the major features of all generations of computers?
The major features of all computer generations include advancements in speed, size, storage capacity, and processing power.
Define Electronic Era and explain the divisions in the Modern age.
The Electronic Era marked the introduction of electronic components in computers. The Modern age is divided into five generations based on technological advancements.
Study Notes
Fundamentals of Computer
- Language translation is the process of converting source code into machine code
- Types of language translators: compiler, interpreter, assembler
- Basic operation of a computer: input, processing, storage, output
- RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile, temporary storage, whereas ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile, permanent storage
- Hybrid computers combine analog and digital components, whereas digital computers use only binary digits
- BUS is a communication pathway that allows data transfer between components
- Types of buses: address bus, data bus, control bus
CPU and Microprocessor
- CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the brain of the computer, responsible for executing instructions
- Microprocessor is a CPU that contains the entire processing system on a single chip
- Major parts of CPU and microprocessor: ALU, control unit, registers
Classification of Computers
- By size: microcomputer, minicomputer, mainframe, supercomputer
- By purpose: general-purpose, special-purpose, embedded system
- By technology: mechanical, analog, digital, hybrid
Generations of Computers
- Electronic Era has five generations: vacuum tube, transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, artificial intelligence
- Features of each generation: increased processing power, decreased size, improved performance
Motherboard Components
- Three components present on a motherboard: CPU, RAM, ROM
Input/Output Devices
- Input devices: keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone
- Output devices: monitor, printer, plotter, speaker
System and Application Software
- System software manages computer hardware and provides a platform for application software
- Application software performs specific tasks, such as word processing or web browsing
Operating System
- Functions of an operating system: process management, memory management, file management, input/output management
- Interfaces: command-line interface, graphical user interface, touch interface
- Types of operating systems: single-user, multi-user, single-tasking, multi-tasking
Office Automation
- Arrange Group in the page layout tab is used to arrange objects on a page
- Margins and paper size options in the page setup group control page layout
- Steps for typing different languages: install language pack, configure keyboard settings, type in the desired language
- Four ways to type Urdu and Sindhi on a computer: Unicode, InPage, Arabic typing, Sindhi typing
Data Communication and Computer Networks
- Physical Address is the MAC address, whereas Logical Address is the IP address
- Analog signal is continuous, whereas digital signal is discrete
- Main components of a communication system: sender, receiver, channel, message
- Data rate is the amount of data transferred, whereas Baud rate is the number of signal changes per second
- Topologies: bus, star, ring, mesh
- ISO's OSI Model: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, application
- TCP/IP Model: network access, internet, transport, application
Computer Security and Ethics
- Authentication mechanism: username and password, biometric, smart cards
- Types of authentication mechanisms: single-factor, multi-factor, two-factor
- Computer Crime: unauthorized access, data theft, cyberbullying
- Hackers: individuals who gain unauthorized access to computers
- Crackers: individuals who break into computer systems with malicious intent
- Importance of computer security: protection of data, prevention of identity theft
- Antivirus: software that detects and removes malware
- Commonly used antiviruses: Norton, McAfee, Kaspersky
Web Development
- HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to create web pages
- Steps to create a web page: plan content, design layout, write HTML code, test and debug
- URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a web address
- Web Hosting: storing website files on a server
- Search Engine: software that searches and retrieves web pages
- Www (World Wide Web) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents
Test your knowledge on language translation, computer operations, RAM vs ROM, hybrid vs digital computers, types of buses, CPU, and microprocessor parts. Perfect for students studying Chapter 01: Fundamental of Computer in Class 9.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
